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Transparency International

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Transparency International (TI) is a global non-governmental organization dedicated to fighting corruption. Corruption is defined as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. This behavior harms everyone who relies on the integrity of people in authority. TI works to create a world where power is held to account for the common good. The organization uses civil society measures to prevent criminal activities caused by corruption. It functions as an umbrella organization for a massive worldwide coalition.

Transparency International Berlin
Transparency International Berlin

The organization operates through a structure called "The Movement." This movement consists of over 100 national chapters that are locally established and independent. These chapters are staffed by local experts who understand their own countries. They can provide free legal support in rural communities or advise governments on policy reform. While the chapters are autonomous, they are connected to a central Secretariat in Berlin, Germany. The Secretariat manages global operations rather than acting as a traditional headquarters. This distinction helps maintain the independence of each local chapter.

TI uses several specialized tools to measure and combat corruption. One primary tool is the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). Launched in 1995, the CPI ranks countries based on perceived public sector corruption. It is a composite index that combines data from various reputable institutions. These sources include the World Economic Forum and the Economist Intelligence Unit. Another tool is the Global Corruption Barometer (GCB). The GCB is a survey that asks citizens about their direct personal experiences with corruption.

International Anti-Corruption Conference 2024 - plenary session in Vilnius LitExpo convention centre
International Anti-Corruption Conference 2024 - plenary session in Vilnius LitExpo convention centre

The Corruption Perceptions Index has faced both praise and criticism. Supporters say it highlights corruption in a way that matters to businesses. Critics argue it measures perception rather than actual reality. Some claim the index ignores corruption within the private business world. For example, the 2008 collapse of Lehman Brothers did not affect the United States' rating. The index also includes the Government Defence Integrity Index. This report was first published in 2013 to measure corruption in the defense sectors of 82 countries. Some governments have criticized the methodology used in this specific report.

Transparency International has a long history of growth and change. It was founded on February 9, 1993, in The Hague, Netherlands. It was later formally registered in Berlin on June 15, 1993. Former World Bank employees were among the founders. Key individuals included Peter Eigen, Hansjoerg Elshorst, and Michael Wiehen. Other founding members were Laurence Cockcroft, Oby Ezekwesili, and Frank Vogl. The organization has grown from a small operation into a prominent international non-governmental organization. In 2014, it was ranked as the 9th best non-US think tank in the world.

Maintaining high standards is a core part of the organization's operations. Chapters must undergo a re-accreditation process every three years. If a chapter fails this process, it risks disaccreditation. This means it would be removed from The Movement. For instance, the TI chapter in Croatia was disaccredited in 2015 due to a lack of confidence. The TI USA chapter also lost its accreditation in 2017. The board cited differences in philosophy, strategy, and priorities. Some reports suggested the US chapter was seen as a corporate front group. A new TI USA chapter was eventually established in 2020.

Today, TI is a major player in global policy and advocacy. It is a member of the G20 Think Tanks (T20) and Civil Society 20. It also holds consultative status with UNESCO. The organization shares goals with the United Nations Sustainable Development Group. These goals include peace, justice, and strong institutions. Since 2016, TI has partnered with the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project. This partnership uses investigative evidence to inform legal advocacy. Through these connections, TI works toward its 2021–2030 strategy, "Holding Power to Account."

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