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Toyohara Chikanobu

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Toyohara Chikanobu was a highly prolific Japanese painter and printmaker.

Brooklyn Museum - A Seated Woman with a Lacquer Candle Stand - Toyohara Chikanobu
Brooklyn Museum - A Seated Woman with a Lacquer Candle Stand - Toyohara Chikanobu

He lived and worked during the Meiji epoch. This era was a time of massive cultural transformation in Japan. Chikanobu was a master of nishiki-e, which are multi-colored woodblock prints. His work is significant because it captured the transition from the samurai age to Meiji modernity. He documented how Japanese society changed as it adopted new ideas and Western influences. Through his art, he explored the concept of "furumekashii/imamekashii," which relates to the tension between the old and the new.

Chikanobu's artistic journey involved several distinct stages and styles.

Chikanobu Foxfires
Chikanobu Foxfires

He began his training by studying the Kanō school of painting. Later, he shifted his focus to ukiyo-e, a genre of woodblock prints. He studied under a disciple of Keisai Eisen before joining the school of Ichiyūsai Kuniyoshi. During his time with Kuniyoshi, he used the name Yoshitsuru. After Kuniyoshi passed away, he studied with the artist Kunisada. He also practiced nigao-e, which are portraits of people. Throughout his career, he used various professional names, including Isshunsai Chikanobu and Yōshū.

His subject matter was incredibly diverse, ranging from mythology to modern history.

Yōshū Chikanobu various hairstyles
Yōshū Chikanobu various hairstyles

He was widely recognized as a master of bijin-ga, which means pictures of beautiful women. He used these portraits to illustrate evolving fashion trends. Chikanobu's work documented changes in coiffures, or hairstyles, and makeup over different eras. For instance, his "Mirror of Ages" series from 1897 compared hairstyles from the Tenmei era (1781–1789) to the Keiō era (1865–1867).

Yōshū Chikanobu mitate jūnishi MI hitsuji
Yōshū Chikanobu mitate jūnishi MI hitsuji

He also captured the energy of kabuki theater by portraying actors in their specific roles. His prints often showed the "mie," which are dramatic poses used in kabuki performances.

Beyond beauty and theater, Chikanobu was a chronicler of historical events.

ImoIncident ToyoharaChikanobu (2)
ImoIncident ToyoharaChikanobu (2)

He created scenes of Japanese mythology and ancient history. He also produced works depicting the battlefields of his own lifetime. This included scenes from the Satsuma Rebellion and the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895. He even documented the 1855 Ansei Edo earthquake. One print shows people escaping a collapsing house during that disaster. His art served as a visual record of the domestic unrest and topical interests of the Meiji period.

Chikanobu's life before art was defined by military service.

Yōshū Chikanobu Katamura-rō
Yōshū Chikanobu Katamura-rō

His real name was Hashimoto Naoyoshi. He was a retainer of the Sakakibara clan in the Takada domain. Following the collapse of the Tokugawa Shogunate, he joined the Shōgitai forces. He fought in the Battle of Ueno and later fled to Hakodate, Hokkaidō. There, he fought at the Goryōkaku star fort under leaders Enomoto Takeaki and Ōtori Keisuke. He earned fame for his bravery during these conflicts. After the Shōgitai surrendered, he was handed over to the authorities in the Takada domain.

In 1875, Chikanobu moved to Tokyo to pursue a living as an artist.

Yōshū Chikanobu Yōfuku
Yōshū Chikanobu Yōfuku

He found employment with the Kaishin Shimbun newspaper. He worked in several different print formats to reach different audiences. Most of his work was in the ōban tate-e format, which is a vertically oriented print roughly 35 x 24.5 cm. He also produced ōban yoko-e, which are horizontally positioned prints often used in albums.

Yōshū Chikanobu Shin Bijin No. 14
Yōshū Chikanobu Shin Bijin No. 14

He was particularly famous for his triptychs, which are sets of three panels that form one large image. He also created uchiwa-e, which are prints made for fans, and ehon, which are illustrated books.

Chikanobu's legacy is preserved through a vast body of work held in global collections.

Yōshū Chikanobu Flower4
Yōshū Chikanobu Flower4

Statistical records show his influence was immense. His works are included in over 700 library holdings and encompass more than 300 works across 300 publications. His style influenced many other artists, such as Nobukazu and Gyokuei. While some say the era of Edo-e perished with the death of artists like Kunichika and Chikanobu, his prints remain essential for understanding Japanese history. He passed away on September 28, 1912, at the age of seventy-five after suffering from stomach cancer.

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🖼️ Images & Media (13)
File:Chikanobu Foxfires.jpg
Chikanobu Foxfires.jpg
File:ImoIncident ToyoharaChikanobu (2).jpg
ImoIncident ToyoharaChikanobu (2).jpg
File:Yōshū Chikanobu Ōji Waterfall.jpg
Yōshū Chikanobu Ōji Waterfall.jpg
File:Yōshū Chikanobu Matsushima in Rikuzen Province.jpg
Yōshū Chikanobu Matsushima in Rikuzen Province.jpg
File:浅草公園 金龍山真景 Asakusa Park - a true view of Golden Dragon Mountain.jpg
浅草公園 金龍山真景 Asakusa Park - a true view of...
File:Yōshū Chikanobu various hairstyles.jpg
Yōshū Chikanobu various hairstyles.jpg
File:Yōshū Chikanobu Shin Bijin No. 14.jpg
Yōshū Chikanobu Shin Bijin No. 14.jpg
File:Yōshū Chikanobu Yōfuku.jpg
Yōshū Chikanobu Yōfuku.jpg
File:Yōshū Chikanobu mitate jūnishi MI hitsuji.jpg
Yōshū Chikanobu mitate jūnishi MI hitsuji.jpg
File:Yōshū Chikanobu Flower4.jpg
Yōshū Chikanobu Flower4.jpg
File:Yōshū Chikanobu Katamura-rō.jpg
Yōshū Chikanobu Katamura-rō.jpg
File:Yōshū Chikanobu Ima6.jpg
Yōshū Chikanobu Ima6.jpg

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