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Togo

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Togo, officially the Togolese Republic, is a tropical nation located in West Africa.

Togo-karte-politisch
Togo-karte-politisch

It sits along the Gulf of Guinea on the coast. To the west, it shares a border with Ghana. Benin lies to the east. Burkina Faso is the neighbor to the north. The country is relatively small in size. It spans from the coast up to the border with Burkina Faso.

Togo (orthographic projection)
Togo (orthographic projection)

The name Togo comes from the Ewe language. It can mean "by the water" or "behind the sea." Originally, the name only referred to the town of Togoville. Later, German authorities applied the name to the entire region.

The history of the land involves many different groups. Between the 11th and 16th centuries, various peoples settled the area. The Ewé entered from the west. The Mina and Gun peoples arrived from the east. Most of these groups settled along the coast. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, the coastal region was a center for the Atlantic slave trade. Because of this, the area was known as "The Slave Coast."

Togoland
Togoland

In 1884, Germany established a protectorate called Togoland. They signed an agreement with King Mlapa III at Togoville. This allowed Germany to extend its control from the coast into the inland areas.

German colonial rule changed the landscape of the region. By 1905, it was officially the German colony of Togoland. The local population was required to pay taxes. They were also forced to cultivate crops like cotton, coffee, and cocoa. To help export these agricultural products, the Germans built a railway and the port of Lomé.

Railways in Togo
Railways in Togo

During World War I, British and French forces invaded the colony. The German forces surrendered in August 1914. After the war, the territory was split into British and French zones. This division was managed by the League of Nations. Eventually, the western part became part of Ghana in 1957. The eastern part remained under French control.

Togo finally achieved independence on April 27, 1960.

Sylvanus Olympio
Sylvanus Olympio

Sylvanus Olympio became the first president following the 1961 elections. He attempted to reduce the country's dependence on France. He sought cooperation with the United States and the United Kingdom. However, a military coup occurred in January 1963. During this event, Olympio was assassinated. A military leader named Gnassingbé Eyadéma led the group of soldiers. Following this, Nicolas Grunitzky was elected president in May 1963. He tried to build relations with France and introduce a multiparty system.

Leadership changed again in 1967 when Eyadéma took power through a coup.

President Gnassingbé Eyadéma of Republic of Togo, West Africa
President Gnassingbé Eyadéma of Republic of Togo, West Africa

He established a single-party state through the Rally of the Togolese People Party. Eyadéma remained in power for 38 years. He was the longest-serving leader in modern African history. He won multiple elections in 1979, 1986, and later years. In 1993, the European Union froze its partnership with Togo. They did this because of concerns regarding the 1993 elections. Eyadéma died of a heart attack on February 5, 2005. His death led to a period of significant political tension.

Following Eyadéma's death, his son Faure Gnassingbé was installed as president. This move was criticized by the international community. The African Union described the transition as a military coup d'état. Violence broke out during the 2005 elections. The United Nations reported that up to 400 people died during the unrest. About 40,000 people fled to neighboring countries. Faure Gnassingbé eventually won the election in April 2005. He has since been reelected in 2010, 2015, and 2020. The 2020 election showed him winning with approximately 72% of the vote.

Protests in Lomé, Togo, 18 octobre 2017 04
Protests in Lomé, Togo, 18 octobre 2017 04

Today, Togo is a sub-Saharan nation with a tropical climate. The economy relies heavily on agriculture. Many citizens work in the production of cocoa, coffee, and cotton. The official language is French. However, many other languages are spoken, especially those from the Gbe family. About 47.8% of the population identifies as Christian. Togo is an active member of several international organizations. These include the United Nations and the African Union. In June 2022, Togo joined the Commonwealth.

Location Togo AU Africa
Location Togo AU Africa

This membership is expected to help the country find new export markets. It also provides opportunities for citizens to learn English and access new resources.

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🖼️ Images & Media (16)
Togolese national anthem.ogg
File:Togo (orthographic projection).svg
Togo (orthographic projection).svg
File:Location Togo AU Africa.svg
Location Togo AU Africa.svg
File:Togoland.jpg
Togoland.jpg
File:Protests in Lomé, Togo, 18 octobre 2017 04.jpg
Protests in Lomé, Togo, 18 octobre 2017 04.jpg
File:Sylvanus Olympio.jpg
Sylvanus Olympio.jpg
File:President Gnassingbé Eyadéma of Republic of Togo, West Africa.jpg
President Gnassingbé Eyadéma of Republic...
File:Togo-karte-politisch.png
Togo-karte-politisch.png
File:Togo-pedaleamundo.jpg
Togo-pedaleamundo.jpg
File:Railways in Togo.svg
Railways in Togo.svg
File:Togo Eisenbahn 086 1990-02.jpg
Togo Eisenbahn 086 1990-02.jpg
File:2014-06-16 17-21-49 Togo Maritime - Station Météo.JPG
2014-06-16 17-21-49 Togo Maritime -...

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