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Toei Subway

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The Toei Subway is a major rapid transit system located in Tokyo, Japan.

Tokyo metro map en - Toei Subway lines
Tokyo metro map en - Toei Subway lines

It is operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation. This organization manages the system under a specific government ordinance for underground high-speed trains. The Toei Subway serves as one of the two primary subway operators in the city. The other major operator is the Tokyo Metro. While they both serve Tokyo, these two networks are completely separate systems. They function as two different layers of the city's massive transportation web.

Understanding how passengers move between these two networks is quite interesting. If a traveler uses a prepaid rail pass, they can switch between Toei and Tokyo Metro lines freely. However, passengers using regular tickets must purchase a second ticket to change networks. There are two specific exceptions to this rule where platforms are shared. On the Mita Line, the platforms between Meguro and Shirokane-Takanawa are shared with the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line. At Kudanshita station, the Shinjuku Line shares a platform with the Tokyo Metro Hanzomon Line. At these two locations, passengers can change lines without passing through a ticket gate.

The Toei Subway consists of four distinct lines, each with its own identity.

Toei Asakusa line symbol
Toei Asakusa line symbol

The Asakusa Line is identified by the color rose. It began operations in 1960 and connects Nishi-magome to Oshiage.

Toei Mita line symbol
Toei Mita line symbol

The Mita Line is blue and opened in 1968, running from Meguro to Nishi-takashimadaira.

Toei Shinjuku line symbol
Toei Shinjuku line symbol

The Shinjuku Line is black and has been running since 1978.

Toei Oedo line symbol
Toei Oedo line symbol

Finally, the Ōedo Line is magenta and is the longest line at 38 kilometers. This line became fully operational in 1991 and runs from Hikarigaoka to Tochōmae.

A unique technical feature of the Toei Subway is its use of different track gauges. A gauge is the distance between the two rails of a track. The Toei Subway is one of only two rapid transit systems in the world that uses three different track gauges. This is similar to the Barcelona Metro in Spain. The different gauges allow for through services, where Toei trains run onto tracks owned by private suburban railways. For example, the Asakusa Line connects to the Keisei Line. The Mita Line connects to the Meguro Line, which then links to the Tōkyū Shin-Yokohama Line and the Sōtetsu lines.

Sotetsu line symbol
Sotetsu line symbol

These connections allow passengers to travel long distances without needing to switch trains.

The history of the system began with early proposals in 1920. Tokyo City originally planned seven different subway routes. However, the Great Kantō Earthquake struck on September 1, 1923. This disaster caused massive damage to central Tokyo and changed how the city planned its infrastructure. Because of the high cost of earthquake reconstruction, the city faced large public debts. This made it difficult to get approval to start building a municipal subway. During this time, private companies operated the only subway, which eventually became the predecessor to the Tokyo Metro.

Construction of the Toei Subway finally began in 1958. This was driven by rapid economic growth and a growing population in the 1950s. As more people moved to Tokyo, road traffic increased and old tram systems became less effective due to congestion. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government obtained a license to build the first line between Kuramae and Magome. Since the opening of the Asakusa Line in 1960, the network has expanded steadily. This growth included the Mita Line in 1968, the Shinjuku Line in 1978, and the Ōedo Line in 1991.

Operating such a massive system involves significant financial challenges. Building underground tunnels and maintaining tracks involves very high construction expenses. Because of these costs, the Toei Subway ran at a financial loss for most of its history. The Ōedo Line was noted for being particularly expensive to construct. Despite these difficulties, the system achieved a major milestone in fiscal year 2006. It reported its first net profit of ¥3.13 billion, which is approximately $26.9 million. As of 2023, the Toei Subway carries an average of 2.85 million passengers every day.

Today, the network includes 99 unique stations across its four lines. If you count every station on every line, the total is 106 stations. The total length of the entire system is 106 kilometers. The system uses various types of rolling stock, which are the actual train vehicles. For example, the Asakusa Line uses 5500 and E5000 series trains. The Ōedo Line utilizes 12-000 and 12-600 series trains. These various lines and technologies work together to keep the massive city of Tokyo moving every single day.

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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:Tokyo metro map en - Toei Subway lines.png
Tokyo metro map en - Toei Subway lines.png
File:Type 200 trolleybus.png
Type 200 trolleybus.png
File:Toei Asakusa line symbol.svg
Toei Asakusa line symbol.svg
File:Toei Mita line symbol.svg
Toei Mita line symbol.svg
File:Toei Shinjuku line symbol.svg
Toei Shinjuku line symbol.svg
File:Toei Oedo line symbol.svg
Toei Oedo line symbol.svg
File:Sotetsu line symbol.svg
Sotetsu line symbol.svg
File:Toei_Subway_WP_Book_Cover.png
Toei_Subway_WP_Book_Cover.png
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