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Tocantins

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Tocantins is one of the 26 states of Brazil. It is the newest state in the country. It was officially formed in 1988 through the 1988 Constitution. Before this, the territory was part of the northern two-fifths of Goiás. This change moved the area from the Central-West Region to the North Region. Today, it is a rapidly growing part of the nation.

Mapa da Província do Araguaia
Mapa da Província do Araguaia

The geography of Tocantins is quite varied. It sits in a central zone of the country. The state straddles the Amazon rainforest and the coastal savanna. It is bordered by Maranhão and Piauí to the northeast. Bahia lies to the east. Goiás is to the south. Mato Grosso is to the west. Pará is to the northwest. Many rivers traverse the state. The Araguaia and Tocantins rivers drain the largest watershed entirely inside Brazilian territory.

Amazon MODIS
Amazon MODIS

A large part of the state is covered by the cerrado. The cerrado is a vast Brazilian savanna. It covers about 87% of Tocantins. This landscape has many different types of vegetation. Some areas are open fields with mostly grasses. Other areas are more closed and forest-like. The most closed type is called the cerradão, which is a closed canopy forest. There are also humid fields and buriti palm paths where the water table is near the surface. In the north, the cerrado becomes a transition zone for the Amazon biome.

FlavioAndre PedraFurada PonteAltadoTocantins TO
FlavioAndre PedraFurada PonteAltadoTocantins TO

Plants in the cerrado have developed special adaptations. Many trees have twisted trunks and thick bark. Their leaves are often broad and rigid. Many herbaceous plants have extensive roots to store water and nutrients. These features help them survive periodic fires. These fires have coexisted with the ecosystem since ancient times. Initially, plants adapted to natural fires from lightning or volcanic activity. The thick bark and deep roots allow plants to sprout again after a fire.

Dunas do Jalapão, em Mateiros
Dunas do Jalapão, em Mateiros

The history of the region involves many different groups. Portuguese Jesuit missionaries explored the area around 1625. They sought to convert Amerindian peoples to Christianity. The name Tocantins comes from the Tupi language. It combines the words tukã´, meaning toucan, and tï, meaning beak. This literally translates to "Toucan's beak." For a long time, the area was isolated by mountains and rivers. In the 1970s, people in northern Goiás lobbied for a separate state. Since its creation, Tocantins has become the fastest-growing Brazilian state.

Mapa da Província do Araguaia
Mapa da Província do Araguaia

The economy of Tocantins is driven by agriculture and industry. The service sector is the largest part of the GDP at 59.9%. The industrial sector follows at 27.2%. Agriculture makes up 12.9% of the GDP. The state is a major grain producer. In 2019, it harvested 3 million tons of soy. It also harvested nearly 1 million tonnes of maize. Tocantins is the leader in rice production in the North region. In 2019, it was the 3rd largest producer in Brazil. The state also has a massive cattle herd of 8 million animals.

Irrigated rice plantation at Formoso do Araguaia, Brazil
Irrigated rice plantation at Formoso do Araguaia, Brazil
Tocantins e os bois
Tocantins e os bois

Infrastructure is vital for the state's growth. The Belém-Brasília Highway, made of BR-153 and BR-226, is the main road. It cuts through the state from north to south. This highway helps move goods to other states and coastal ports. The capital, Palmas, was built starting in 1989. The government has also invested in hydropower dams and railroads. The North–South Railway is currently under construction. The state also uses three main airports. These are Palmas, Araguaína, and Gurupi.

Tocantins - BR-153 (geometria)
Tocantins - BR-153 (geometria)
Aeroporto de Palmas a noite
Aeroporto de Palmas a noite

Nature provides many unique landmarks in Tocantins. In the southwest, you can find Bananal Island. This is the second largest fluvial island in the world. It is formed by two branches of the Araguaia River. It consists of marshlands, seasonally flooded savannas, and gallery forests. The river branches meet again to form an inland delta called Cantão. This is a typical Amazonian igapó flooded forest. The state also features the Araguaia National Park and Jalapão State Park. In Jalapão, rivers create oases in the dry landscape. This attracts many ecotourists to the region.

Dunas do Jalapão, em Mateiros
Dunas do Jalapão, em Mateiros
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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Amazon MODIS.jpg
Amazon MODIS.jpg
File:Dunas_do_Jalapão,_em_Mateiros.jpg
Dunas_do_Jalapão,_em_Mateiros.jpg
File:Global Forest Change tree-cover loss year in Tocantins, 2001-2024.png
Global Forest Change tree-cover loss year...
File:FlavioAndre_PedraFurada_PonteAltadoTocantins_TO.jpg
FlavioAndre_PedraFurada_PonteAltadoTocanti...
Mapa da Província do Araguaia.tif
File:Irrigated rice plantation at Formoso do Araguaia, Brazil.jpg
Irrigated rice plantation at Formoso do...
File:Tocantins e os bois.jpg
Tocantins e os bois.jpg
File:Tocantins - BR-153 (geometria).jpg
Tocantins - BR-153 (geometria).jpg
File:Aeroporto de Palmas a noite.jpg
Aeroporto de Palmas a noite.jpg
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