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Thomas Morley

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Thomas Morley was a leading English composer, singer, and theorist during the late Renaissance. He was a central figure in the English Madrigal School. This group of musicians specialized in a specific type of vocal music. Morley is credited with helping to blend Italian musical styles with native English traditions. This process created a brilliant and colorful era in English music history.

Morley-Christes crosse
Morley-Christes crosse

He was the most famous composer of secular music in Elizabethan England. His influence reached far beyond just writing songs for performance.

Morley's musical style focused on the madrigal, which is a type of secular vocal composition. He took elements of the Italian style and adapted them to fit English tastes. His madrigals were often light, quick-moving, and easy to sing. This made them very popular for social singing. For example, his famous work "Now Is the Month of Maying" is a ballett, a specific type of lively madrigal. Other composers in the English Madrigal School, such as Thomas Weelkes and John Wilbye, often wrote in more serious or somber styles. Morley's work offered a wider variety of emotional color and technique than many of his peers.

Beyond vocal music, Morley composed for various instrumental ensembles. He wrote keyboard music that is preserved in the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book. He also composed for a uniquely English group known as a broken consort. This ensemble consisted of six specific instruments: two viols, a flute, a lute, a cittern, and a bandora. In 1599, William Barley published a collection called "The First Booke of Consort Lessons" featuring such music. This shows the diverse range of sounds Morley helped define during his career.

Morley's life began in Norwich, where he was the son of a brewer. He likely began his career as a cathedral singer in his boyhood. By 1583, he had become the master of choristers in Norwich. He moved to London before 1574 to serve as a chorister at St. Paul's Cathedral. There, he worked as a singer, composer, and organist. In 1588, he earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Oxford. During his studies, he was mentored by the famous composer William Byrd. Morley later honored this relationship in his 1597 book, "A Plain and Easie Introduction to Practicall Musicke."

Morley's professional life involved more than just performing and composing. He was deeply involved in the business of music publishing. From 1598 until his death, he held a printing patent, which was a type of legal monopoly. He used this patent in partnership with professional music printers like Thomas East. He published eleven different collections of his own madrigals. These publications helped cement his status as a major musical authority of his time.

There are fascinating connections between Morley and the famous playwright William Shakespeare. Morley lived in the same London parish as Shakespeare. While a direct connection is never proven, Morley and Robert Johnson composed the only surviving contemporary musical settings of Shakespeare's verse. One notable example is the song "It was a lover and his lass," taken from the play "As You Like It."

Although published in 1600, it is possible this music was used in stage performances during Shakespeare's life.

Morley's impact on music theory was significant and long-lasting. His textbook, "A Plain and Easie Introduction to Practicall Musicke," remained a popular resource for nearly two hundred years. It is still used today as an important reference for understanding sixteenth-century composition and performance. Even though he died in early October 1602, his technical contributions helped shape how music was taught and played. His legacy continues through the many works that remain in the standard musical repertory.

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Morley It was a lover and his lass...
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