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Tallit

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A tallit, also known as a taleth or tallis, is a fringed garment worn as a prayer shawl by religious Jews.

טלית מקופלת
טלית מקופלת

The cloth portion of the garment is called the beged, which means "garment." Most tallit are made from materials like wool or cotton, though silk is sometimes used for a larger version called a tallit gadol. The most defining feature of the tallit is the tzitzit. These are special twined and knotted fringes attached to the four corners of the cloth.

tallit knotting2
tallit knotting2

The term "tallit" can be ambiguous because it describes both the large shawl and a smaller version worn under clothing.

There are two distinct types of this garment used in Jewish life. The tallit katan, or "small tallit," is a poncho-like vest. It is often worn under regular clothing, with the knotted tzitzit hanging out. Many boys begin wearing the tallit katan as early as preschool. The tallit gadol, or "big tallit," is the large rectangular shawl worn over outer clothes. It is typically used during Shacharit, which is the morning prayer service, and during all Yom Kippur prayer services.

Tzitzskatan-ch
Tzitzskatan-ch

While many men wear the tallit gadol, women in the Reform, Reconstructionist, Renewal, and Conservative movements also wear it today.

Woman praying with tallit
Woman praying with tallit

The requirement for these fringes comes from the Hebrew Bible. The Bible does not actually command the wearing of a specific shawl. Instead, it instructs the Israelites to attach fringes to the four corners of any garment they use to cover themselves. This instruction appears in Numbers 15:38 and Deuteronomy 22:12. The purpose of the tzitzit is to serve as a visual reminder. By looking at the fringes, a person is meant to remember all the commandments of God and remain holy.

YemeniJew1914
YemeniJew1914

Some traditions also include a thread called tekhelet, which is a specific blue, purple, or red dye. While this thread was lost for many centuries, there has been a comeback in its use over the last hundred years.

Different Jewish communities have developed various traditions regarding when to use the tallit gadol. These traditions vary between Sephardic and Ashkenazi groups. In some Sephardic Orthodox communities, young boys wear the tallit gadol even before they become b'nei mitzvah. In many Ashkenazi Orthodox communities, men may only wear the tallit gadol after they are married. In these groups, the shawl is often given to a groom as a wedding present. The customs for tying the knots and the specific format of the tallit come from Rabbinic origins and the Talmud.

הרב חיים משה זילברשץ
הרב חיים משה זילברשץ

The tallit plays a significant role in many major life milestones and ceremonies. At weddings, a tallit gadol is often used as a chuppah, which is a wedding canopy.

Israëls-A Jewish Wedding-1903
Israëls-A Jewish Wedding-1903

In some Sephardic and German Jewish traditions, the groom wears his tallit under the canopy and may wrap it around the bride. The garment is also used during the holiday of Simchat Torah, where it is spread over children during Torah readings. Because of this importance, many families treat their tallitot as heirlooms, passing them down through generations. They are also used during burials; in the Land of Israel, a tallit gadol may be one of the only coverings for a corpse.

Historically, the tallit has adapted to the changing needs of the people. In ancient times, the four-cornered garments were large, white, and rectangular. They functioned as blankets, shawls, and even burial shrouds. These garments were practical for the climate of West Asia, providing warmth during cool evenings or shade from the sun. As everyday clothing styles changed, the tallit katan was developed as a practical way to continue following the biblical commandment. This allowed people to keep the fringes on their person even when they were no longer wearing ancient-style robes.

The word "tallit" itself has an interesting history. In Mishnaic Hebrew, it is believed to be a backformation from the Greek word "stole," which means a cloak or sheet. In modern Hebrew, a common idiom uses the phrase "a completely blue tallit" to describe something that is perfect. This expression comes from a story about a figure named Korah, who used a question about a blue garment to argue against the leadership of Moses. Today, the tallit remains a central symbol of prayer, connection, and the remembrance of religious laws.

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🖼️ Images & Media (11)
File:Atarah Tallit Ornament Shpanyer Arbet Zduńska Wola 1921.jpg
Atarah Tallit Ornament Shpanyer Arbet...
File:טלית מקופלת.jpg
טלית מקופלת.jpg
File:הרב חיים משה זילברשץ.jpg
הרב חיים משה זילברשץ.jpg
File:Szal modlitewny z domu Szymona Klugera w Oświęcimiu, MŻ 333-O 01.jpg
Szal modlitewny z domu Szymona Klugera w...
File:tallit knotting2.jpg
tallit knotting2.jpg
File:YemeniJew1914.jpg
YemeniJew1914.jpg
File:Israëls-A Jewish Wedding-1903.jpg
Israëls-A Jewish Wedding-1903.jpg
File:Tzitzskatan-ch.jpg
Tzitzskatan-ch.jpg
File:Tallit katan (3549085939).jpg
Tallit katan (3549085939).jpg
File:Tallit-bag.jpg
Tallit-bag.jpg
File:Woman praying with tallit.jpg
Woman praying with tallit.jpg
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