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Takahē

life science Maturity 7-9 Next article →

The South Island takahē (Porphyrio hochstetteri) is a unique, flightless bird from New Zealand. It holds the title of the largest living member of the rail family, known scientifically as Rallidae.

Female and male takahe standing in the grass
Female and male takahe standing in the grass

These birds are highly specialized for life in specific environments. They are stocky and powerful, built with short, strong legs for walking. Instead of flying, they use their reduced wings to help them clamber up steep slopes. A takahē also possesses a massive, heavy bill. This beak is capable of delivering a very painful bite to anything unwary.

Two juvenile and two adult takahe standing on grass
Two juvenile and two adult takahe standing on grass

The appearance of an adult takahē is quite striking due to its iridescent plumage. The feathers are mostly a dark navy or purple-blue on the head, neck, and underside. The wings often appear peacock blue, while the back and inner wings show shades of teal and green. As the colors move toward the tail, they become olive-green, with white underneath.

Notornis hochstetteri 34
Notornis hochstetteri 34

Their bright scarlet frontal shield and carmine-colored beaks provide a sharp contrast to their dark feathers. Their legs are a vivid scarlet, sometimes described as "crayfish-red." Even the chicks look different, starting out covered in jet-black fluffy down with very large brown legs. As they mature, their dark bills gradually turn red.

Takahē are sedentary birds that live primarily in alpine grasslands. They are very territorial and stay in these grassy areas until snow arrives. When the weather changes, they descend into forests or scrubland for cover.

Takahe parent and child 2
Takahe parent and child 2

Their diet is quite specific, focusing on the leaves of Chionochloa tussocks and other alpine grasses. You might observe a takahē plucking a single stalk of snow grass, or Danthonia flavescens. They use one claw to hold the stalk while they eat only the soft lower parts. The rest of the plant is typically discarded. While they are mostly herbivores, they have also been recorded eating paradise ducklings. This behavior is similar to their relatives, the pūkeko, which sometimes eat eggs or nestlings.

The history of the takahē is a story of disappearance and dramatic rediscovery. For many years, Western science believed the bird was extinct, much like the moa. In 1847, Walter Mantell discovered fossil bones in South Taranaki. This led the anatomist Richard Owen to name a new species, Notornis mantelli, in 1848. While a few living birds were captured in the 19th century, they all eventually died or disappeared. The last specimen collected by Europeans was a female caught in 1898. After that, no living birds were seen for decades, leading experts to assume the species was gone forever.

Everything changed in November 1948 thanks to a carefully planned expedition. Geoffrey Orbell led a search near Lake Te Anau in the Murchison Mountains. The team first discovered footprints belonging to an unknown bird. This led them to find living South Island takahē in an isolated valley.

TakaheMaunga
TakaheMaunga

This discovery was a major event for the scientific community. It proved that the species had survived in secret within the rugged New Zealand mountains. Since then, researchers have worked tirelessly to understand and protect these birds.

Conservation efforts are now managed by the New Zealand Department of Conservation through the Takahē Recovery Programme. This program works to increase populations by moving birds to safe, predator-free locations.

Takahe noa
Takahe noa

Some takahē live on offshore islands like Kapiti, Maud, Mana, and Motutapu. Others have been reintroduced to places like Kahurangi National Park and the Upper Whakatipu Waimāori Valley. There are also populations in managed sanctuaries like Zealandia and Orokonui. These different locations help ensure that the species is not wiped out by a single event. By spreading the population, conservationists give the takahē a much better chance at survival.

The status of the takahē has improved significantly due to these dedicated efforts. In 2016, its status was downgraded from Nationally Critical to Nationally Vulnerable. This change reflects a positive trend in their numbers. As of 2023, the population is approximately 500 birds. Most importantly, the population is growing by about 8 percent every year. This growth is a sign that the recovery programs are working. While they are still considered a threatened species, the takahē is no longer on the brink of disappearing. They represent a successful example of how human intervention can help restore a species to the wild.

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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Notornis Mantelli Owen (cropped).png
Notornis Mantelli Owen (cropped).png
File:Notornis hochstetteri 34.jpg
Notornis hochstetteri 34.jpg
File:Female and male takahe standing in the grass.jpg
Female and male takahe standing in the grass.jpg
File:Two juvenile and two adult takahe standing on grass.jpg
Two juvenile and two adult takahe...
File:Takahe parent and child 2.jpg
Takahe parent and child 2.jpg
File:Takahe noa.jpg
Takahe noa.jpg
File:TakaheMaunga.jpg
TakaheMaunga.jpg
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