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Sussex

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Sussex is a significant historical and geographical area located in South East England.

Sussex - British Isles
Sussex - British Isles

It was once an independent kingdom before becoming a county. Today, the area is primarily divided into two ceremonial counties: East Sussex and West Sussex. These two counties share borders with Surrey to the north and Kent to the north-east. To the west, they meet Hampshire, while the English Channel lies to the south. The region includes diverse landscapes like the South Downs National Park and the High Weald. It also contains the city of Brighton and Hove and the waters of Chichester Harbour.

The physical landscape of Sussex is shaped by the Wealden anticline. This geological structure creates high lands that run from west to east. The two main features are the Weald and the South Downs.

West Sussex UK relief location map
West Sussex UK relief location map

Within these areas, there are seven distinct national character areas. These include the South Coast Plain, the Low Weald, and the High Weald. Other areas are the Pevensey Levels, Romney Marshes, and the Wealden Greensand. The highest point in the entire county is Blackdown. In East Sussex, the highest point is Ditchling Beacon. The River Medway is the longest river to flow through the region. However, the River Arun is the longest river located entirely within Sussex.

The climate in Sussex is notably different from much of the United Kingdom. The coastal resorts are among the sunniest places in the country. This is because sea breezes often clear away clouds from the coast. On average, the coast receives about 1,900 hours of sunshine per year. This is significantly higher than the UK average of 1,340 hours. Most of the region sits in hardiness zone 8. However, the coastal plain west of Brighton is milder, sitting in zone 9. The sea can make summer temperatures cooler on the coast than inland. In the winter, the area can experience cold spells due to its proximity to Europe.

Human history in Sussex stretches back hundreds of thousands of years. At Eartham Pit in Boxgrove, scientists found remains of Homo heidelbergensis. These remains date back approximately 500,000 years. Much later, during the Neolithic period, the South Downs became a major center for flint mining.

The name "Sussex" comes from the Old English term Sūþseaxe. This translates to "South Saxons," referring to the Germanic tribe that settled there.

British kingdoms c 800
British kingdoms c 800

The Kingdom of Sussex emerged in the fifth century. It was previously inhabited by the Regni tribe. In 827, the kingdom was conquered by Wessex. By 927, Sussex had become part of the Kingdom of England.

During the Norman period, the administration of the land changed. Sussex was divided into six administrative districts called rapes.

Rapes of Sussex
Rapes of Sussex

These rapes were further divided into smaller units called hundreds. By the sixteenth century, the six rapes were often grouped into two sets for court meetings. This division was formalized in 1889 when East and West Sussex became administrative counties. While they lost their status as a single ceremonial county in 1974, the two sides remain distinct. However, Sussex is still treated as a single entity for many public services. This includes the Sussex Police, NHS Sussex, and the Sussex Wildlife Trust.

Sussex has many unique symbols that represent its identity. The county flag features six gold martlets on a blue background.

Sussex shield
Sussex shield

A martlet is a type of heraldic swallow. These six birds are said to represent the traditional six rapes of the county. The official county flower is the round-headed rampion.

Campanulaceae - Phyteuma orbiculare
Campanulaceae - Phyteuma orbiculare

This flower is also known as the "Pride of Sussex." Another important cultural element is the song "Sussex by the Sea." Composed in 1907, it is often sung at local celebrations and sports matches. The county also has a motto: "We wunt be druv." This dialect expression means "we will not be pushed around."

The population of Sussex has grown significantly over the centuries. In the year 681, the historian Bede estimated the population was around 70,000 families. By 2021, the combined population of the area reached about 1.7 million people. Most people live in an east-west line along the coast or near the A272 road. The largest urban area is the Brighton, Worthing, and Littlehampton conurbation. This area alone holds nearly one-third of the total population.

Brighton royal pavilion Qmin
Brighton royal pavilion Qmin

Today, the region continues to evolve, with new plans to create a combined county authority for East Sussex, West Sussex, and Brighton and Hove.

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🖼️ Images & Media (22)
File:Rapes of Sussex.svg
Rapes of Sussex.svg
File:Sussex - British Isles.svg
Sussex - British Isles.svg
File:Sussex shield.svg
Sussex shield.svg
File:Campanulaceae - Phyteuma orbiculare.JPG
Campanulaceae - Phyteuma orbiculare.JPG
File:Seven Sisters cliffs and the coastguard cottages, from Seaford Head showing Cuckmere Haven (looking east - 2003-05-26).jpg
Seven Sisters cliffs and the coastguard...
File:Fishbourne model.JPG
Fishbourne model.JPG
File:British kingdoms c 800.svg
British kingdoms c 800.svg
File:Harold stone.JPG
Harold stone.JPG
File:Atlas Van der Hagen-KW1049B11_013-SUTHSEXIA._Vernacule_SUSSEX..jpeg
Atlas Van der...
File:Law Courts, High Street, Lewes (NHLE Code 1043780) (March 2022).JPG
Law Courts, High Street, Lewes (NHLE Code...
File:Sussex administrative map 1832.png
Sussex administrative map 1832.png
File:West Sussex UK relief location map.jpg
West Sussex UK relief location map.jpg

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