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Spotted dove

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

The spotted dove, also known as the eastern spotted dove, is a small and long-tailed pigeon.

Spilopelia chinensis Zhengzhou 20211126
Spilopelia chinensis Zhengzhou 20211126

It is a common resident across its native range in the Indian subcontinent and East and Southeast Asia. This bird is highly adaptable and can live in light forests, gardens, farmland, and scrub. It has even become a successful urban species in many cities. Because they can live near humans, they have established feral populations in many parts of the world. This includes places like Hawaii, California, Australia, and New Zealand.

Spotted Pigeon Habitat Map
Spotted Pigeon Habitat Map

A spotted dove has a very specific look. Its ground color is a rosy buff, which fades into grey on the belly and head. The most famous feature is a black collar patch on the back and sides of the neck. This patch is made of feathers that split at the ends and have white spots.

A young spotted dove
A young spotted dove

The bird is long and slim, measuring between 28 and 32 centimeters in length. The wing feathers are dark brown with grey edges, and the outer tail feathers have white tips. These white tips become visible when the bird takes off. While males and females look similar, juveniles are duller and lack the neck spots until they mature.

These birds spend most of their time foraging on the ground. They search for grass seeds, grains, and fallen fruits. They will also occasionally eat insects, such as winged termites. When they are disturbed, they use an explosive flutter to fly from the ground. They may also perform a display flight. This involves taking off at a steep angle with a loud clapping of the wings. After the clap, they glide down slowly with their tails spread out.

Spotted Dove and its egg
Spotted Dove and its egg

This behavior is part of their complex social and courtship rituals.

Reproduction for the spotted dove involves both parents working together. They build a flimsy cup-shaped nest using twigs. These nests are often placed in low vegetation, but they can also be found on buildings. The female lays two whitish eggs in the nest. These eggs typically hatch after about 13 days. The young birds stay in the nest for a fortnight, or 14 days, before they fledge.

Spotted Dove and its egg
Spotted Dove and its egg

In warm regions, the breeding season is spread out, but in temperate areas, it usually happens in the summer. In Hawaii, these doves are so successful that they breed all year round.

The history of naming this bird involves several different scientists. The Austrian naturalist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli formally described the species in 1786. He originally named it *Columba chinensis*. He based his work on accounts by the French naturalist Pierre Sonnerat. For a long time, the dove was included in the genus *Streptopelia*. However, a molecular phylogenetic study in 2001 changed how scientists view its family tree. This study showed the genus was paraphyletic, meaning it did not include all descendants of a common ancestor. To fix this, the spotted dove was moved to the genus *Spilopelia*. This genus was originally introduced by the Swedish zoologist Carl Sundevall in 1873.

There are five recognized subspecies of the spotted dove that show variation in size and plumage. The nominate form, *Spilopelia chinensis chinensis*, lives from northeast Myanmar to central and east China. The *suratensis* subspecies lives in Pakistan, India, Nepal, and Bhutan. The *ceylonensis* subspecies is found in Sri Lanka and has shorter wings than the *suratensis* group. The *tigrina* subspecies lives in Bangladesh, northeast India, the Philippines, and the Sunda Islands. Finally, the *hainana* subspecies is found on Hainan Island.

Spilopelia chinensis Zhengzhou 20211126
Spilopelia chinensis Zhengzhou 20211126

Some of these groups, like the Indian subspecies, have different vocalizations than those in the east.

The spotted dove is known for its distinct vocalizations. They make a soft cooing sound that sounds like "Krookruk-krukroo... kroo kroo kroo." The number of sounds at the end varies depending on the population. For example, the Indian populations have a different number of terminal sounds than the *tigrina* or *chinensis* populations. These sounds are important for communication and courtship. In addition to their sounds, their physical presence can impact other species. In the Philippines, they may outcompete the *Streptopelia dusumieri* for resources.

While these birds are beautiful, they can sometimes cause problems in human environments. Because they fly up very quickly when startled, they can be a hazard at airfields. They may collide with aircraft, which can cause damage to the planes. This makes them a known concern for airport safety. Despite this, they remain a common and successful part of urban wildlife in many countries. Their ability to spread to new lands shows how resilient the species is.

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🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:A young spotted dove.jpg
A young spotted dove.jpg
File:Spilopelia chinensis Zhengzhou 20211126.jpg
Spilopelia chinensis Zhengzhou 20211126.jpg
File:Spotted_Pigeon_Habitat_Map.jpg
Spotted_Pigeon_Habitat_Map.jpg
File:Spotted_Dove_and_its_egg.jpg
Spotted_Dove_and_its_egg.jpg
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