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Sleeping Hermaphroditus

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The Sleeping Hermaphroditus is a famous life-size marble sculpture from ancient Rome.

Borghese Hermaphroditus Louvre Ma231
Borghese Hermaphroditus Louvre Ma231

It depicts a figure resting in a deep sleep. The work is also known as the Borghese Hermaphrodite. This subject was very popular during the Hellenistic period and in ancient Rome. The sculpture's form draws from various artistic traditions. It uses styles seen in portrayals of Venus and female nudes. It also uses feminized styles from Hellenistic depictions of Dionysus. Because this subject was so widely repeated, many versions have survived through history.

The sculpture is known for its unique presentation. It rests upon a marble mattress that was added much later. The Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini completed this mattress in 1620. Bernini was a protégé of Cardinal Scipione Borghese. The Cardinal paid Bernini sixty scudi to create the buttoned mattress. This addition helps the viewer see the figure as truly resting. It is believed that Scipione Borghese dedicated an entire room in the Villa Borghese to display the work.

Archaeologists and historians have traced the origins of this specific marble piece. It is considered a good early Imperial Roman copy. It likely copies an older bronze original. That original was likely made by a sculptor named Polycles. Polycles worked around 155 BC. We know of the existence of the bronze original because of the writer Pliny. Pliny mentioned the work in his text, Natural History.

The discovery of the statue occurred in 1618 in Rome. It was unearthed in the grounds of Santa Maria della Vittoria. This location was near the Baths of Diocletian and the ancient Gardens of Sallust. The discovery likely happened during the excavation of a church foundation. It might have also been found while planting espaliers nearby. After its discovery, the sculpture became a centerpiece of the Borghese Collection.

The statue's journey to its current home involved significant political and financial changes. While Rome was part of Napoleon's First French Empire, France purchased various artworks. In 1807, Prince Camillo Borghese sold the sculpture to France. Prince Camillo was married to Pauline Bonaparte. He was under heavy financial strain due to high taxation imposed by the French. Consequently, the sculpture was transferred to the Louvre museum in 1809.

Hermaphrodite MET DT10047
Hermaphrodite MET DT10047

It remains on display in Paris today.

Many other ancient versions of this figure exist in museums around the world. In 1781, a second-century copy was found. This copy now sits in the Galleria Borghese. In 1880, a third Roman marble variant was discovered. It is now located at the Museo Palazzo Massimo Alle Terme in the National Museum of Rome. You can also find additional ancient copies in Florence at the Uffizi. Other versions are held in the Vatican Museums and the Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg.

The Sleeping Hermaphroditus has inspired countless artists across many centuries. In 1652, Matteo Bonuccelli made a full-size bronze version. This was ordered by Diego Velázquez for Philip IV of Spain. This work is now in the Prado Museum. The sculpture also influenced Velázquez's famous painting, the Rokeby Venus. Around 1640, John Evelyn purchased a small ivory version by François Duquesnoy. In 1639, Giovanni Francesco Susini created a small bronze copy. One of Susini's casts is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

Even in modern times, the sculpture continues to be a source of creativity. The poet Algernon Charles Swinburne wrote a poem titled "Hermaphroditus" in 1863. His work was inspired by seeing the statue at the Louvre. In 2010, the artist Barry X Ball created a new life-size copy. He used Belgian black marble on a Carrara marble base. This modern version sold at Christie's in New York in 2016 for $545,000.

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File:Borghese Hermaphroditus Louvre Ma231.jpg
Borghese Hermaphroditus Louvre Ma231.jpg
File:Hermaphrodite MET DT10047.jpg
Hermaphrodite MET DT10047.jpg
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