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Skyscraper

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A skyscraper is a tall building with many habitable floors. These structures serve many purposes, including offices, hotels, residential spaces, and retail areas. While there is no single universal definition, most modern sources describe skyscrapers as very tall high-rise buildings. Many organizations use specific height limits to classify them. For example, Emporis defines a skyscraper as a multi-story building at least 100 meters tall. Buildings taller than 600 meters are called supertall, and those over 800 meters are called megatall.

Shanghai skyscrapers 5166285
Shanghai skyscrapers 5166285

The way a skyscraper stays standing is quite different from a regular house. In conventional construction, thick load-bearing walls carry the weight of the building. In a skyscraper, a steel frame acts as a skeleton to support the structure. This frame supports curtain walls, which are the outer layers of the building. These walls either hang from the framework above or rest on the framework below. Because the curtain walls do not carry the weight, they can be made of large glass surfaces.

Oriel Chambers, Liverpool 2018
Oriel Chambers, Liverpool 2018
Skyscraper structure
Skyscraper structure

Engineers must also design skyscrapers to handle lateral loads, which are side-to-side forces. These forces come from wind and seismic activity, such as earthquakes. Many modern skyscrapers use a tubular structure to resist these forces. This design allows the building to act like a hollow cylinder. To help with stability and light, many designs include setbacks. Setbacks are areas where the building's width decreases as it goes higher. These steps help the building appear more slender and allow more daylight to reach the ground.

Jade Signature under construction September 2016
Jade Signature under construction September 2016

Humans have tried to build tall structures for a very long time. The Great Pyramid of Giza was the tallest structure for thousands of years. In the 19th century, the Eiffel Tower became the first supertall structure. However, these were not skyscrapers because they were not meant for living or working. The modern era of skyscrapers began in the United States during the late 1800s. Cities like Chicago and New York City led this movement. The Home Insurance Building, completed in Chicago in 1885, is often cited as the first largely steel-frame skyscraper.

Home Insurance Building
Home Insurance Building

Several key inventions made the skyscraper possible. In 1857, Elisha Otis introduced the safety elevator. This allowed people to travel to high floors conveniently and safely. Without elevators, the upper floors of tall buildings would be difficult to use. Another major step was the development of the steel skeleton. Before this, buildings used load-bearing masonry, which reached its practical limit in 1891. The Flaxmill in England, built in 1797, used iron frames and is sometimes called the "grandfather of skyscrapers."

Palaciosalvouruguay
Palaciosalvouruguay

Skyscrapers are now a global phenomenon found in at least 70 countries. While they were once mostly an American feature, they are now very common in Asia. China has overtaken the United States as the country with the most skyscrapers. Over seven thousand skyscrapers taller than 150 meters exist worldwide. More than three-quarters of these are located in Asia. Many of these massive buildings were constructed during the 21st century.

Shanghai Tower in 2015 (2)
Shanghai Tower in 2015 (2)

Different cities hold records for their tall building populations. Hong Kong has the most skyscrapers in the world with 569. Shenzhen in China follows with 465. New York City has 324, and Dubai has 269. As of 2025, twenty cities have at least one hundred skyscrapers taller than 150 meters. These include Singapore, Hangzhou, Moscow, and Toronto. The tallest skyscraper in the world is the Burj Khalifa, located in Dubai.

Willis Tower From Lake
Willis Tower From Lake
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🖼️ Images & Media (17)
File:Home Insurance Building.JPG
Home Insurance Building.JPG
File:Oriel_Chambers,_Liverpool_2018.jpg
Oriel_Chambers,_Liverpool_2018.jpg
File:Palaciosalvouruguay.jpg
Palaciosalvouruguay.jpg
File:Abu Dhabi – Corniche 3 - أبو ظبي - الكورنيش - panoramio.jpg
Abu Dhabi – Corniche 3 - أبو ظبي -...
File:FR_khan_sculputure_at_Sears_tower.jpg
FR_khan_sculputure_at_Sears_tower.jpg
File:The_Sky_Garden.jpg
The_Sky_Garden.jpg
File:Shanghai_skyscrapers_5166285.jpg
Shanghai_skyscrapers_5166285.jpg
File:Jade Signature under construction September 2016.jpg
Jade Signature under construction...
File:Willis_Tower_From_Lake.jpg
Willis_Tower_From_Lake.jpg
File:Skyscraper structure.png
Skyscraper structure.png
File:HK Bank of China Tower 2008 (2).jpg
HK Bank of China Tower 2008 (2).jpg
File:Cook County Administration Building (9181641122) (2).jpg
Cook County Administration Building...

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