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Sioux

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The Sioux are many groups of Native American people from the Great Plains.

Sioux01
Sioux01

They often call themselves the Oceti Sakowin. This name means the Seven Council Fires. It shows how different bands form a large nation. The name Sioux actually comes from a French word. This word was based on a term used by the Ojibwe people.

Sioux social structure council fires
Sioux social structure council fires

Today, these people live in many different communities. They have homes in several U.S. states and parts of Canada.

Traditional Sioux life was built on very strong family ties. These ties are called kinship. They connect people to each other and to the natural world.

Bird's Eye View of Sioux Camp at Pine Ridge, South Dakota - NARA - 530802
Bird's Eye View of Sioux Camp at Pine Ridge, South Dakota - NARA - 530802

People lived in villages made of many extended families. These families were called thiyóšpaye. Leaders were chosen for their bravery and wisdom. They were often picked by a council of elders. Men and women both had important roles in making decisions. Men often hunted while women managed the homes and clothing.

Spirituality is also a huge part of Sioux culture. They believe a creator named Wakȟáŋ Tháŋka made the universe.

Blackhawk-spiritbeing
Blackhawk-spiritbeing

Everything in the universe is seen as being intertwined. A special symbol for this is the medicine wheel. A holy woman named White Buffalo Calf Woman taught them sacred rites. These include ceremonies like the Sun Dance and the purification lodge. They also use a sacred pipe in their ceremonies. The smoke and breath from the pipe represent the natural world.

History shows many changes for the Sioux people. Long ago, the Santee Dakota lived near Lake Superior. They used canoes to fish and gathered wild rice.

Later, the Lakota moved to the western plains. They became very powerful after horses arrived in the 1700s. In the 1800s, the Sioux signed land treaties with the United States. However, the government did not always pay what was promised. This led to the Dakota War of 1862 and many conflicts.

Red Cloud's War. Map with battle fields and relevant Indian treaty guaranteed territories
Red Cloud's War. Map with battle fields and relevant Indian treaty guaranteed territories

The Sioux have continued to fight for their rights. They fought the U.S. Army in the Sioux Wars. This included the Battle of Little Big Horn.

Red Cloud and other Sioux
Red Cloud and other Sioux

In 1980, the Supreme Court ruled on a land case. The court said the government took tribal lands illegally. The Sioux were owed over $1 billion with interest. However, the Sioux refused the money. They want the Black Hills returned to them instead.

They still work to protect their traditions and their land today.

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🖼️ Images & Media (32)
File:"Black Tail Deer, Sioux Chief, also a policeman at Rosebud Agency." Department of Anthropology, 1904 World's Fair.jpg
"Black Tail Deer, Sioux Chief, also a...
File:Bird's Eye View of Sioux Camp at Pine Ridge, South Dakota - NARA - 530802.jpg
Bird's Eye View of Sioux Camp at Pine...
File:Blackhawk-spiritbeing.jpg
Blackhawk-spiritbeing.jpg
File:1854 Catlin Sioux Black Rock mit Familie anagoria.JPG
1854 Catlin Sioux Black Rock mit Familie...
File:Red Cloud and other Sioux.jpg
Red Cloud and other Sioux.jpg
File:Funeral scaffold of a Sioux chief 0044v crop.jpg
Funeral scaffold of a Sioux chief 0044v crop.jpg
File:Permanent Residence Sioux 1846–1848 Watercolor Painting by Seth Eastman.png
Permanent Residence Sioux 1846–1848...
File:CM Russell When Blackfoot And Sioux Meet.jpeg
CM Russell When Blackfoot And Sioux Meet.jpeg
File:Catlin-Pipestone-Quarry.jpg
Catlin-Pipestone-Quarry.jpg
File:Treaty of Traverse des Sioux 1851.jpg
Treaty of Traverse des Sioux 1851.jpg
File:Little Crow, Leader of the Sioux in the Minnesota Massacre, 1863.png
Little Crow, Leader of the Sioux in the...
File:Execution of 38 Sioux Indians at Mankato Minnesota 1862 (cleaned).jpg
Execution of 38 Sioux Indians at Mankato...

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