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Set (deity)

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Set was a very important god in ancient Egypt. He was the god of deserts, storms, and disorder.

set animal
set animal

He was also the god of foreigners. Many people saw him as a figure of violence. However, he also had a very helpful side. Set helped the sun god, Ra, on his daily journey. He used a spear to fight a giant snake named Apep. This snake represented chaos and tried to stop the sun.

Set speared Apep
Set speared Apep

By fighting the serpent, Set helped keep the world safe and balanced.

Set's family tree was quite large and famous. His parents were Geb, who was the Earth, and Nut, who was the Sky.

Nephthis and Seth-E 3374-IMG 8007-gradient
Nephthis and Seth-E 3374-IMG 8007-gradient

His siblings were Osiris, Isis, and Nephthys. Set married Nephthys, and some people thought they were the parents of Anubis. There is a famous story about Set and his brother Osiris. In this myth, Set killed Osiris to take power. Isis then helped bring Osiris back to life. This led to a long struggle between Set and Horus, the son of Osiris.

Set and Horus had a very long and difficult rivalry. They fought many times to decide who should be the king of Egypt.

Horus and Set tying
Horus and Set tying

Some stories say their contest lasted for eighty years. They did not just fight with weapons. They also had contests like racing in boats. They even fought while shaped like hippopotami. Sometimes, other gods acted as judges to help settle the fight. The gods Geb, Ra, or Atum might have been the judges. This struggle was a way to decide the future of the land.

During these fights, the gods often hurt each other. Set sometimes damaged the eye of Horus. This eye was very special to the Egyptians. They believed Horus's right eye was the sun and his left eye was the moon. When the eye was hurt, it was like the moon disappearing.

Relief Herihor Seth obliterated
Relief Herihor Seth obliterated

Set also lost some of his own strength during these battles. These stories helped the Egyptians explain things in nature. They used these myths to understand why the moon changes shape. They also used them to explain how order returns after a hard time.

Set remained a major part of Egyptian history for a long time. During the time of the Hyksos rulers, Set was a very popular god. The Hyksos were people from foreign lands who ruled parts of Egypt. Later, many Egyptian kings were connected to Set. For example, the kings of the Nineteenth Dynasty had strong ties to him. Some famous kings even had names that honored him, like Seti I.

SethAndHorusAdoringRamsses crop
SethAndHorusAdoringRamsses crop

Even in the stars, people linked him to the planet Mercury. Set was a complex figure who showed both chaos and protection.

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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:Nephthis and Seth-E 3374-IMG 8007-gradient.jpg
Nephthis and Seth-E 3374-IMG 8007-gradient.jpg
File:set animal.svg
set animal.svg
File:Horus and Set tying.svg
Horus and Set tying.svg
File:Set speared Apep.jpg
Set speared Apep.jpg
File:SethAndHorusAdoringRamsses crop.jpg
SethAndHorusAdoringRamsses crop.jpg
File:Horus and Seth crowning Ramesses III.JPG
Horus and Seth crowning Ramesses III.JPG
File:Relief Herihor Seth obliterated.jpg
Relief Herihor Seth obliterated.jpg
File:Limestone architectural fragment. A door jamb, part of a doorway. From the temple of Seth (which was built by Thutmosis III) at Naqada, Egypt. 18th Dynasty. The Petrie Museum.jpg
Limestone architectural fragment. A door...
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