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Sarit Thanarat

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Sarit Thanarat was a powerful Thai politician and military commander.

Sarit Thanarat before 1963 (1)
Sarit Thanarat before 1963 (1)

He lived from June 16, 1908, until December 8, 1963. Sarit held several high-ranking positions in the government. He served as the commander-in-chief of the Royal Thai Army starting in 1954. He also served as the Minister of Defense. Eventually, he became the eleventh Prime Minister of Thailand in February 1959. His leadership style shaped the modern political structure of Thailand.

Sarit was born in Phra Nakhon, which is now known as Bangkok. His father, Major Luang Ruangdetanan, was a career army officer. His mother, Chanthip Chanthasakha, was of Lao descent. Sarit attended a monastery school before entering the Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy in 1919. He completed his military studies in 1928. He began his professional career as a second lieutenant in the 2nd Infantry Division.

RTA OF-10 (Field Marshal)
RTA OF-10 (Field Marshal)

During World War II, he commanded an infantry battalion. He participated in the Burma campaign during the invasion of the Shan State. After the war, he rose through the ranks quickly. He became a colonel and led the 1st Infantry Regiment in the Guards Division.

Sarit became a major political player through several key military actions. In 1947, he played a leading role in a coup d'état. This event overthrew the government of Prime Minister Thawal Thamrong Navaswadhi. This coup helped reinstall Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram as the premier. By the 1950s, Sarit was part of a group called the "Triumvirate." This group included Phibun and Phao Siyanon. They competed for dominance in Thai politics. Sarit's influence grew as the Phibun government became less popular due to several crises.

Several specific problems weakened the government in 1957. First, the February 1957 elections were highly controversial. The Democrat Party and the press accused the government of rigging the vote. They claimed the government used hooligans to terrorize voters. Second, a severe drought hit the Isan region. This caused a mass exodus of people to Bangkok. Many refugees arrived at the Hua Lamphong railway station daily. Third, there was a "lumber swindle" involving the Bhumibol Dam project. A director named Thiem Khomrit revealed that powerful figures wanted to control the timber industry. These issues created a sense of public discontent.

Sarit used these crises to seize control of the country. On September 13, 1957, he delivered an ultimatum to Phibun. This ultimatum was signed by 58 army officers. It called for the government to resign. The public showed their support for Sarit by marching to his residence. On September 16, the military staged a coup d'état. Sarit's forces wore white armbands to symbolize purity.

Relief of the life of Sarit Dhanarajata (2)
Relief of the life of Sarit Dhanarajata (2)

Phibun fled the country, and Sarit assumed leadership. After a second coup in 1958, he officially became Prime Minister.

As Prime Minister, Sarit established an authoritarian government. He exercised highly centralized power over the nation. He suspended the constitution and dissolved the parliament. He also banned all political parties. His administration focused heavily on modernization and economic development. He prioritized infrastructure, agriculture, and industrialization.

Monument of Sarit Dhanarajata, Khon Kaen (1)
Monument of Sarit Dhanarajata, Khon Kaen (1)

During the Cold War, Sarit aligned Thailand with the anti-communist bloc. This alignment helped him receive military and financial aid from the United States. He also promoted a strong sense of Thai nationalism. He emphasized the importance of the monarchy to support his government's legitimacy.

Sarit's rule included many paternalistic policies to help the public. He lowered electricity rates and provided free water to some areas. He ordered hospitals to give free medicine to the poor. To lower food prices, he opened new markets where merchants sold directly to the public. He even ordered the price of iced black coffee to drop from 70 satang to 50 satang.

Order of the White Elephant - Special Class (Thailand) ribbon
Order of the White Elephant - Special Class (Thailand) ribbon

While he helped stabilize the economy, his regime was also controversial. His government was marked by political repression and corruption. His decision to elevate the monarchy's role had a lasting impact on Thai politics.

Chakra Mala Medal (Thailand) ribbon
Chakra Mala Medal (Thailand) ribbon
645 words

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🖼️ Images & Media (45)
File:RTA OF-10 (Field Marshal).svg
RTA OF-10 (Field Marshal).svg
File:RTN OF-10 (Admiral of the Fleet).svg
RTN OF-10 (Admiral of the Fleet).svg
File:RTAF OF-10 (Marshal of the Royal Thai Air Force).svg
RTAF OF-10 (Marshal of the Royal Thai Air...
File:Sarit Thanarat before 1963 (1).jpg
Sarit Thanarat before 1963 (1).jpg
File:Relief of the life of Sarit Dhanarajata (2).jpg
Relief of the life of Sarit Dhanarajata (2).jpg
File:Monument of Sarit Dhanarajata, Khon Kaen (1).jpg
Monument of Sarit Dhanarajata, Khon Kaen (1).jpg
File:Order of the Nine Gems (Thailand) ribbon.svg
Order of the Nine Gems (Thailand) ribbon.svg
File:Order of Chula Chom Klao - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg
Order of Chula Chom Klao - 1st Class...
File:Order of Rama 1st Class ribbon.svg
Order of Rama 1st Class ribbon.svg
File:Order of the White Elephant - Special Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg
Order of the White Elephant - Special...
File:Order of the Crown of Thailand - Special Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg
Order of the Crown of Thailand - Special...
File:Victory Medal - World War II (Thailand) ribbon.svg
Victory Medal - World War II (Thailand) ribbon.svg

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