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Safe

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A safe, also known as a strongbox or coffer, is a secure and lockable enclosure. Its primary purpose is to protect valuable objects from theft or fire. Most safes are shaped as a hollow cuboid or a cylinder. One face of the object serves as a door, which is either hinged or removable. The body and the door can be cast from metals like steel. In some cases, they are formed from plastic using a process called blow molding.

Australian Made CMI H2D Home Safe
Australian Made CMI H2D Home Safe

Safes are designed with specific mechanisms to provide different types of protection. A fire-resistant safe is built to keep its contents safe from high temperatures. These devices are often rated by how long they can withstand extreme heat. They must maintain an internal temperature below a specific limit to protect what is inside. For example, document safes keep paper below 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Data safes are even more sensitive, keeping temperatures below 125 degrees Fahrenheit to protect magnetic media and hard drives.

UL 1 Hour Fire Label
UL 1 Hour Fire Label

There are many different types of safes used for various needs. Wall safes are designed to provide hidden protection for documents and valuables. They often have adjustable depths to fit different wall thicknesses. Some even feature pry-resistant doors with concealed hinges. Small key safes are attached to the outside of buildings to store keys for emergency use or holiday lets. Diversion safes are a unique type of hidden safe. These are made to look like ordinary objects, such as a book, a candle, or a can, to hide valuables in plain sight.

Caja fuerte antigua
Caja fuerte antigua

For much larger amounts of heat-sensitive material, organizations use room-sized fireproof vaults. These modular vaults are more economical than buying many individual safes. Corporations and government agencies often use them for large-scale data storage. These vaults use ceramic fiber, which is a high-temperature industrial insulating material, as their core. To achieve a high rating, every part of the vault must be protected. This includes the walls, the roof, the door assembly, and even the places where cables or air ducts enter the structure.

Dangerous chemicals cabinet in MPI-CBG
Dangerous chemicals cabinet in MPI-CBG

Humans have been developing ways to secure valuables for thousands of years. The first known safe dates back to the 13th century BC. It was found in the tomb of Pharaoh Ramesses II and was made of wood. It used a locking system similar to a modern pin tumbler lock. In the 16th century, blacksmiths in Germany, Austria, and France forged cash boxes from sheet iron. In 1835, English inventors Charles and Jeremiah Chubb patented a burglar-resisting safe. Their company, Chubb Locks, remained independent until it was sold in the year 2000.

TL-15
TL-15

To ensure safety, experts use rigorous testing standards. In the United States, Underwriters Laboratories, or UL, provides many important ratings. They test burglary resistance by seeing how long a safe can withstand an attack with tools. For residential security containers (RSC), there are different levels of protection. RSC Level I must withstand a five-minute attack by one technician using hand tools. RSC Level II must resist two technicians using tools like sledgehammers for ten minutes. The strongest commercial safes are often rated as TL-15 tool-resistant safes.

Safe-cracking is the act of opening a safe without the key or the combination. This can involve using brute force or attempting to guess the combination. One method is called "safe bouncing," where someone hits the top of the safe to move the locking pin. Even famous scientists have explored this topic. The physicist Richard Feynman famously practiced safe-cracking for recreation during the Second World War. He once successfully opened secure storage that contained highly important wartime secrets.

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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Australian Made CMI H2D Home Safe.JPG
Australian Made CMI H2D Home Safe.JPG
File:Caja fuerte antigua.jpg
Caja fuerte antigua.jpg
File:Dangerous chemicals cabinet in MPI-CBG.jpg
Dangerous chemicals cabinet in MPI-CBG.jpg
File:UL 1 Hour Fire Label.jpg
UL 1 Hour Fire Label.jpg
File:TL-15.jpg
TL-15.jpg
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