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Rudolf Augstein

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Rudolf Karl Augstein was a highly influential German journalist, editor, and politician. He is best known as the founder and part-owner of Der Spiegel. This weekly magazine became Germany's most important source for investigative journalism. Investigative journalism involves looking deeply into stories to uncover facts. Augstein's work helped shape how news was reported in Germany. He also served as a member of the Bundestag. The Bundestag is the national parliament of Germany. He represented the Free Democratic Party (FDP) from November 1972 to January 1973.

Augstein's early life was shaped by the events of World War II. He was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1923. During the war, he served in the German Army, known as the Heer. He worked as a radio operator and an artillery observer. By the end of the war, he held the rank of Leutnant der Reserve, which is a reserve officer. Following the war, he turned his attention to media. He founded Der Spiegel between 1946 and 1947. This magazine would go on to become a major force in German society.

A major turning point in his career was the Spiegel affair. This occurred between 1961 and 1962. During this period, Augstein was arrested and jailed for 103 days. This event was linked to a conflict involving the Minister of Defense, Franz Josef Strauß. Public protest against the arrest was very strong. Eventually, the protest and the resignation of FDP cabinet members forced Strauß to resign. This event highlighted the importance of press freedom in Germany. It also cemented Augstein's reputation as a defender of the truth.

Augstein was also a dedicated amateur historian. He wrote several successful books about German history and leaders. His works included studies on Frederick the Great and Otto von Bismarck. He also wrote a book about his political opponent, titled Überlebensgroß Herr Strauß. In the late 1980s, he became a central figure in the Historikerstreit. This was a significant debate among historians from 1986 to 1987. During this time, Augstein was a fierce critic of historians Ernst Nolte and Andreas Hillgruber. He argued against what he called the "New Auschwitz Lie."

His criticisms during the Historikerstreit were very sharp. Augstein called Hillgruber a "constitutional Nazi." He argued there was no moral difference between Hillgruber and others like Hans Globke. Augstein also wrote against the ideas of Ernst Nolte. He argued that certain historical discussions did not address the true nature of past atrocities. He specifically addressed the co-responsibility of the Prussian-German Wehrmacht. The Wehrmacht was the unified armed forces of Germany during that era. Augstein believed it was important to acknowledge these historical responsibilities.

Throughout his life, Augstein received many prestigious honors. In 2000, 101 German journalists named him "Journalist of the century." This was in recognition of his work for peace and civil liberties. He was also named a World Press Freedom Hero by the International Press Institute. This award recognized his courage during the Spiegel affair. In 1983, the University of Bath awarded him an Honorary Doctorate. These honors reflect his massive impact on the field of journalism and democracy.

Augstein's personal life included several marriages and two children. He married five times during his life. His fifth marriage was to Anna Maria Hürtgen, an art dealer from Hamburg. They married in Tonder on October 13, 2000. He had two children, Franziska and Jakob Augstein. As he grew older, he stepped back from daily leadership. Stefan Aust became the editor-in-chief of Der Spiegel. However, Augstein continued to publish regular commentaries until near the end of his life. He died on November 7, 2002, from pneumonia. He was 79 years old and was buried on the island of Sylt.

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