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Rotten Tomatoes

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Rotten Tomatoes is a major American review-aggregation website. It focuses on films and television shows. The site serves as a central hub for entertainment opinions. It helps people decide what is worth watching. It is highly influential among moviegoers. In the United States, one-third of people consult the site before visiting a cinema.

Rotten Tomatoes
Rotten Tomatoes

The website operates through a specific mathematical process. It collects reviews from professional critics. These critics belong to writing guilds or film critic associations. To become a critic on the site, a person must earn a specific number of "likes" from users. Critics upload their reviews to specific movie pages. They must manually mark each review as "fresh" or "rotten." This step is necessary because many reviews are qualitative. Qualitative reviews do not provide a numeric score for an automatic system to use.

Rotten Tomatoes- What to Know
Rotten Tomatoes- What to Know

The site uses these markings to calculate the Tomatometer score. The Tomatometer is the percentage of positive reviews. If 60% or more reviews are positive, the film is considered "fresh." If the percentage is 59% or lower, it is considered "rotten."

Rotten Tomatoes rotten
Rotten Tomatoes rotten

For some films, the site also shows a "Popcornmeter." This is the user average. It calculates the percentage of registered users who gave a film a positive rating on a 5-star scale.

Rotten Tomatoes positive audience
Rotten Tomatoes positive audience

Some films achieve an even higher status called "Certified Fresh." This designation requires meeting two strict criteria. First, the Tomatometer score must be 75% or higher. Second, the film must have a minimum number of reviews. Wide-release films need at least 80 reviews. These reviews must include at least five "Top Critics." Top Critics are professionals who usually write for major newspapers. For limited releases, the requirement is 40 reviews. TV shows must have at least 20 reviews per season.

Certified Fresh 2018
Certified Fresh 2018

The history of the site began in August 1998. Senh Duong, a student at the University of California, Berkeley, started it as a spare-time project. He was a fan of Jackie Chan. He wanted to collect reviews for Chan's Hong Kong action movies. He coded the website in just two weeks. The first non-Chan movie featured was "Your Friends & Neighbors" in 1998. Duong later teamed up with classmates Patrick Y. Lee and Stephen Wang. They officially launched the site on April 1, 2000.

Ownership of the website has changed many times. IGN Entertainment acquired the site in June 2004. In 2010, IGN sold the website to Flixster. Warner Bros. acquired it in 2011. In February 2016, Flixster and Rotten Tomatoes were sold to Fandango Media. Fandango is owned by Comcast. Warner Bros. kept a minority stake in these merged companies.

The site has also expanded into other media. In 2009, "The Rotten Tomatoes Show" aired on television. In 2017, the site launched a Facebook series called "See It/Skip It."

The site also hosts the Golden Tomato Awards. These awards honor the best and worst reviewed films of the year. There is no actual ceremony, but winners are announced online. Films are divided into wide release and limited release categories. A limited release is defined as opening in 599 or fewer theaters. A wide release opens in more than 600 theaters. There are also categories for British and Australian films. The "User" category honors the highest-rated film among users. The "Mouldy" award goes to the worst-reviewed films.

Rotten Tomatoes negative audience
Rotten Tomatoes negative audience

Rotten Tomatoes connects critics, audiences, and studios in a complex system. The site uses an independent outside source to provide financial forecasts. These forecasts determine how many reviews are needed for a score. Films projected to earn over $120 million need 40 reviews. Films projected to earn $60 million to $120 million need 20 reviews. Films projected to earn under $60 million need only 10 reviews. While influential, the site faces some criticism. Some say it oversimplifies reviews into a simple dichotomy. Others suggest studios can manipulate scores by choosing which critics see early screenings.

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