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Robert Ettinger

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Robert Chester Wilson Ettinger was an American academic and a central figure in the field of cryonics. He is widely recognized as the "father of cryonics" due to his influential writing. Cryonics is the practice of preserving human bodies through freezing. Ettinger believed that death might actually be a reversible process. He argued that future medical technology could one day repair the damage caused by freezing. His work aimed to provide a way for people to await future medical breakthroughs.

Ettinger's ideas were deeply influenced by science fiction during his childhood. When he was twelve years old, he read a story called "The Jameson Satellite." This story appeared in the July 1931 issue of *Amazing Stories*. In the tale, a professor's corpse is sent into Earth's orbit. The extreme cold of space preserves the body for millions of years. Eventually, mechanical men find the body and revive the professor's brain. Ettinger wondered if humans could achieve a similar outcome through technology.

Ettinger was a highly educated man with a background in science. He earned two master's degrees from Wayne State University. His studies included both physics and mathematics. He spent his professional career teaching these subjects at Wayne State and Highland Park Community College in Michigan. Before his academic career, he served as a second lieutenant in the United States Army. He was a soldier in the infantry during World War II. While fighting in Germany, he was severely wounded in battle. He received the Purple Heart for his service and spent years recovering in a hospital.

In 1962, Ettinger began making a formal scientific case for cryonics. He was 42 years old at the time. He realized that he was becoming aware of his own mortality. He initially sent a short summary of his ideas to 200 notable people. This group was selected from *Who's Who in America*. However, the response was very small. He realized he needed to educate the public about his theories. He believed that dying is often a gradual process rather than a sudden event. He argued that freezing damage might be limited enough for future doctors to fix.

To reach a wider audience, Ettinger published *The Prospect of Immortality*. He first released a private version in 1962. A major publisher later released a hardcover edition in 1964 through Doubleday. This book was a massive success and was translated into nine languages. It was even chosen by the Book of the Month Club. The famous science fiction author Isaac Asimov reviewed the manuscript. Asimov stated that the science behind cryonics was sound. This endorsement helped launch the cryonics movement into the mainstream.

Following the success of his book, Ettinger became a media celebrity. He appeared on many famous television programs. He spoke with hosts like David Frost, Johnny Carson, and Steve Allen. He also participated in coast-to-coast radio programs to promote cryopreservation. Ettinger founded the Cryonics Institute and the Immortalist Society. He served as the president of these groups until 2003. His second wife, Mae Junod, was a vital partner in his work. She assisted in editing his manuscripts and managed *The Outlook* magazine. This publication is the longest continuously published cryonics magazine.

Ettinger's personal life was closely tied to his scientific mission. He and his wife Mae moved to Scottsdale, Arizona, in 1995. They eventually began to retire from decades of activism and controversy. Mae Ettinger suffered a debilitating stroke in 1998. She passed away following a lethal stroke in 2000. Her body was cryopreserved according to the principles Ettinger championed. Robert Ettinger died of natural causes on July 23, 2011. He was 92 years old at the time of his death in Detroit, Michigan. His body was also cryopreserved with the hope of a future revival.

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