Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
📖

Rafic Hariri

society Maturity 13-18 death dying war conflict politics Next article →

This article covers sensitive topics: death_dying, war_conflict, politics. Parents can manage visibility in Parental Controls.

Rafic Hariri was a Lebanese businessman and politician who shaped modern Lebanon.

Beirut Central District Collage
Beirut Central District Collage

He served as the prime minister of Lebanon during two different periods. His first term lasted from 1992 to 1998. He returned to office for a second term from 2000 to 2004. Hariri was a very wealthy man and a powerful leader. He is best known for helping to end the Lebanese Civil War. He also led massive efforts to rebuild the capital city of Beirut.

Hariri's journey began in the construction industry in Saudi Arabia. In 1965, he moved there to find work. He worked on a hotel project in Ta’if, Saudi Arabia. This project earned him praise from King Khaled. Hariri eventually formed a company called Saudi Oger. This firm became the main construction company for the Saudi Royal family. Because of these massive contracts, Hariri became a multi-billionaire. He used his wealth for philanthropy, including building schools through the Hariri Foundation.

Rafik hariri memorial shrine
Rafik hariri memorial shrine

Hariri played a vital role in Lebanese diplomacy and peace. He helped create the Taif Agreement in 1989. This agreement was designed to end the 15-year Lebanese Civil War. After the war, he acted as an envoy for the Saudi royal family. In 1992, he became the first prime minister after the civil war ended. He also served as the minister of finance. During his time in office, he held several important government roles. He was often seen as a bridge between different political groups.

To fix the country, Hariri launched a plan called "Horizon 2000."

Beirut Central District Collage
Beirut Central District Collage

This rejuvenation plan focused on modernizing Lebanon's infrastructure. A major part of this was a company named Solidere. Solidere was a private company used to rebuild downtown Beirut. The plan also involved the privatization of many major industries. This included sectors like electricity, telecommunications, and airports. Hariri wanted to attract foreign direct investment to help the economy grow. He simplified tax codes to encourage foreign businesses to invest in Lebanon.

Hariri's economic policies had both successes and significant challenges. Between 1992 and 1993, the real national income grew by 6%. He also worked hard to reduce inflation. In 1992, inflation was at 131%, but it dropped to 12% within two years. However, the country's debt grew very quickly. The public debt rose from $3 billion to $9 billion between 1992 and 1996. By 1998, the national debt had reached $18 billion. This was a 540% increase from earlier levels. These economic shifts created a complex landscape for the nation.

As a global leader, Hariri met with many important world figures.

Rafik Hariri George W. Bush
Rafik Hariri George W. Bush
Defense.gov News Photo 010425-D-2987S-027
Defense.gov News Photo 010425-D-2987S-027
Vladimir Putin 2 November 2001-2
Vladimir Putin 2 November 2001-2

He met with U.S. President George W. Bush at the White House. He also met with Russian President Vladimir Putin. These meetings helped him represent Lebanon on the international stage. During his second term, he worked on the withdrawal of foreign forces. He supported United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559. This resolution called for all remaining foreign forces to leave Lebanon. In 2000, he saw the Israeli withdrawal from Southern Lebanon.

On 14 February 2005, Hariri was assassinated in a truck bomb explosion in Beirut.

Hariri bomb site
Hariri bomb site

This event caused massive political changes in Lebanon. It triggered the Cedar Revolution, which consisted of large protests. These protests helped lead to the withdrawal of Syrian troops from Lebanon. A special court called the Special Tribunal for Lebanon investigated the death. The tribunal indicted four members of the group Hezbollah. It convicted Salim Ayyash for his role in the assassination. The tribunal closed in 2023 after finding no evidence of direction from senior leadership.

590 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:Rafiq Hariri's former residence in Paris, 2011.jpg
Rafiq Hariri's former residence in Paris, 2011.jpg
File:Beirut Central District Collage.jpg
Beirut Central District Collage.jpg
File:Rafik_Hariri_George_W._Bush.jpg
Rafik_Hariri_George_W._Bush.jpg
File:Defense.gov News Photo 010425-D-2987S-027.jpg
Defense.gov News Photo 010425-D-2987S-027.jpg
File:Vladimir Putin 2 November 2001-2.jpg
Vladimir Putin 2 November 2001-2.jpg
File:Rafiq Hariri with Donald Rumsfeld, 020416-D-9880W-007.jpg
Rafiq Hariri with Donald Rumsfeld,...
File:Hariri_bomb_site.jpg
Hariri_bomb_site.jpg
File:Rafik hariri memorial shrine.jpg
Rafik hariri memorial shrine.jpg
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.