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Prophecy

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A prophecy is a message communicated to a person, known as a prophet, by a supernatural entity.

Olaus Magnus - On the Art of Prophecy
Olaus Magnus - On the Art of Prophecy

These messages appear in many different cultures and belief systems. They often contain the will or laws of a divine being. They may also provide preternatural knowledge about future events. Prophets receive these revelations in various ways. Some experience visions of the divine. Others may have direct physical interactions with supernatural beings. These prophetic stories often survive for centuries through religious texts or oral traditions.

The concept of prophecy has deep linguistic roots. The English noun "prophecy" appeared around the year 1225. It comes from the Old French word "profecie." This word traces back to the Greek "propheteia," meaning the gift of interpreting the will of God. By the year 1300, the term also meant a thing written or spoken by a prophet. The verb "to prophesy" was recorded by 1377.

Miriam IMG 28071
Miriam IMG 28071

Different thinkers have tried to explain the mechanism of how these messages reach humans. The philosopher Maimonides suggested a specific process. He believed prophecy is an emanation from a Divine Being. This emanation moves through the Active Intellect to a person's rational faculty. It then moves to their imaginative faculty.

Different religious traditions categorize prophecy in unique ways. In the Old Testament, many prophets focused on conditional warnings. They often used a specific formula. They might tell people to repent of a sin to avoid a specific consequence. In contrast, Saint Paul emphasized that prophesying should provide edification, exhortation, and comfort. The Catholic Encyclopedia offers a strict definition. It describes prophecy as the foreknowledge of future events. However, it can also apply to past events that are forgotten. It may even apply to present things that are hidden from natural reason. Some Western esotericists also link clairvoyance to prophecy and magic.

History provides several notable examples of prophetic claims. In the Bahá'í Faith, the founder Bahá'u'lláh claimed to be a Manifestation of God in 1863. He stated he served as an intermediary between the divine and humanity. While imprisoned in the Siyah-Chal in Iran, he reported a vision of the Maid of Heaven. This vision told him of his divine mission. In Buddhism, a historical account in the Haedong Kosung-jon describes a different use of prophecy. In the year 527, a man named Ichadon used a prophecy to support Buddhism in the kingdom of Silla. He predicted a miracle would occur at his execution to convince court officials. The text claims that when he was executed, the earth shook and flowers rained from the sky. This event helped make Buddhism the state religion.

Christianity shows a wide variety of prophetic expressions and movements. Some scholars, like Walter Brueggemann, suggest prophetic ministry helps people perceive alternatives to dominant culture. One recognized form is "prophetic drama," which connects present situations to future events. Historically, figures like Justin Martyr argued that prophets moved from Israel into the Church. In the mid-2nd century, the Shepherd of Hermas described how prophecy was used in the early church. The movement known as Pentecostalism, which began during the Azusa Street Revival from 1904 to 1906, emphasizes spiritual gifts. Pentecostals and members of the Charismatic Movement believe prophecy is still given to Christians today.

Saul 1878
Saul 1878

The Seventh-day Adventist Church also views the gift of prophecy as a key mark of their faith. They consider the writings of Ellen G. White to be divinely inspired.

The Latter Day Saint movement provides another significant example of prophetic history. Joseph Smith claimed he was visited by God and Jesus Christ in 1820. He stated an angel led him to a hill in New York to find gold plates. Smith claimed to translate these plates into the Book of Mormon through divine power. After his death in 1844, the movement experienced a succession crisis. This resulted in several different groups, including the largest, the LDS Church. The LDS Church believes its president is a literal prophet. They also hold that additional revelations are published in the Doctrine and Covenants. Other groups, such as the Community of Christ, formed from different branches of this movement.

Prophecy connects to broader discussions about truth and skepticism. From a skeptical view, there is a Latin maxim: "vaticinium ex eventu." This refers to a prophecy written after the event has already occurred. The Jewish Torah also includes warnings regarding the existence of false prophets. These different perspectives show how prophecy interacts with history, law, and social structures. Whether viewed as a divine gift or a human construction, prophecy remains a central theme in how people understand the supernatural and the future.

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File:Olaus Magnus - On the Art of Prophecy.jpg
Olaus Magnus - On the Art of Prophecy.jpg
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File:Saul 1878.jpg
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