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Police procedural

arts Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A police procedural is a specific subgenre of detective fiction and procedural drama. It focuses on the investigative work of police officers, detectives, or law enforcement agencies. This differs from other mystery genres that feature private investigators or amateur sleuths. In a procedural, the law enforcement agency itself acts as the protagonist. The core goal of the genre is to provide an accurate depiction of police work. This includes the technical and legal steps required to solve a crime.

The mechanism of a police procedural relies on showing the specific steps of an investigation. These stories highlight forensic science, which is the use of scientific methods to solve crimes. They may depict an autopsy, which is a medical examination of a body. Creators also show how officers gather evidence and use search warrants to search properties. Interrogation is another key step, where officers question suspects to find the truth. Most importantly, these stories show characters adhering to legal restrictions and official procedures.

There are different ways these stories present a mystery to the audience. Many procedurals use a "whodunit" structure. In this format, the identity of the criminal is hidden until the narrative climax. Other stories use an "inverted detective story" format. In an inverted story, the perpetrator is revealed to the audience early in the plot. This shifts the focus from "who did it" to how the police will catch them. Both styles allow viewers to engage with the investigative process in unique ways.

The history of the genre traces back to the mid-1880s. Many scholars point to the 1868 novel *The Moonstone* by Wilkie Collins as an early example. It follows a Scotland Yard detective investigating a stolen diamond. After World War II, police procedurals became as popular as stories about private investigators. In 1949, the film *Stray Dog* by Akira Kurosawa served as a precursor to the "buddy cop" genre. This film was a serious police procedural film noir.

Television changed how the public viewed law enforcement through the procedural. The show *Dragnet* marked a major turning point. Before this, many screen depictions showed police as corrupt or laughable. *Dragnet* presented officers as brave and heroic. To ensure authenticity, producers used real police cars and officers. However, this led to a deal with the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD). The LAPD vetted every script to ensure they agreed with the depiction. This created a friendly relationship between Hollywood and law enforcement agencies.

Many famous authors have shaped the genre through their detailed writing. Georges Simenon created the Inspector Maigret series, which focused on the character and his staff in Paris. In Sweden, Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö wrote the Martin Beck series. Their ten books explored character development and the Swedish welfare state. These books were translated into 35 different languages and sold roughly ten million copies. Ed McBain also had a massive impact with his 87th Precinct novels. His work was so universal that it was filmed in various countries, including Japan and France.

Today, the police procedural is a global phenomenon with many variations. In the United States, long-running franchises like *Law & Order* and *CSI* are very well known. Australia has produced many series, such as *Blue Heelers*, which ran for 510 episodes. The Philippines also has a strong tradition of these stories, including long-running series like *Ang Probinsyano*. Even though the genre is popular, it faces criticism. Some argue it can be "copaganda," a term used to describe media that promotes a one-sided view of police. Others point to inaccurate depictions of crime or issues regarding racism and sexism. Despite these debates, the procedural remains a central part of modern storytelling.

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