Plastic bag

A plastic bag is a thin pouch.

We use them to carry many things. They can hold food or even ice. Some bags have handles to help us carry them.

Some bags can even stand up on a shelf.

We use them a lot at the store. But these bags do not break down easily. They can stay in the world for a long time. This can be bad for animals in the sea.

We must be careful with how we use them.

A plastic bag is a thin and flexible container.

People use them to carry many things. They can hold food, ice, or even chemicals.

Most bags are made from polyethylene. This is a common type of plastic.

Some bags have special parts. They might have handles to carry them. Some can even stand up on a shelf.

Large bags called bulk bags can hold very heavy things. These can weigh up to 2,000 kg.

In the 1960s, an engineer named Sten Gustaf Thulin made a new kind of bag. He made a simple, one-piece bag by folding and welding plastic. This helped the bag become very common in stores. Today, many people use 1 to 5 trillion bags every year. This can cause problems for our world. Plastic does not break down like food does. Instead, it goes through photodegradation. This means light breaks the plastic into tiny, toxic parts. If bags end up in the ocean, they can look like jellyfish. This is dangerous for sea turtles and other animals. Many cities now use laws to limit how many bags we use.

A plastic bag is a handy container used all over the world.

These bags are made from thin, flexible plastic film or fabric. People use them to carry many different items. You might see them holding food, ice, or even heavy chemicals.

Some bags are special, like stand-up pouches that can sit on a shelf.

Others are very large, called bulk bags, to carry heavy powders.

These huge containers can hold between 500 kg and 2,000 kg.

Most bags are made using a way called heat sealing. This means heat is used to join the edges of the plastic together. Some bags are also held together with glue or stitches.

To make them easy to carry, handles are often cut right into the plastic. Some bags even have zippers that you can press to seal. There are also special boil-in-bags made of tough nylon or polyester. These can stay safe even in very hot, boiling water.

Modern plastic bags were a big invention in the 1960s. An engineer named Sten Gustaf Thulin worked in Sweden for a company called Celloplast. He found a way to make a simple, one-piece bag. He did this by folding, welding, and cutting a flat tube of plastic. This new design was very strong and could carry a lot of weight. Celloplast received a patent for this invention in 1965. By the mid-1980s, these bags became a common sight in stores everywhere.

Plastic bags are used in huge numbers every single year. Experts estimate that 1 to 5 trillion bags are used and thrown away annually. In 2014, people in the United States used about 320 bags each. Usage changes a lot depending on where you live. For example, people in China use only two or three bags a year. In contrast, people in Poland, Hungary, or Slovakia use more than 400 bags. Many countries are now making laws to limit how many thin bags are used.

Even though they are useful, plastic bags can cause problems for nature. Most are made from fossil fuels like petroleum and natural gas. Plastic does not truly break down in the ground. Instead, it goes through photodegradation, which is when light breaks it into tiny, toxic pieces. If bags end up in the ocean, they can look like jellyfish.

This is dangerous because sea turtles might eat them by mistake. Because of this, many cities have started to ban or charge for plastic bags.

A plastic bag, also known as a poly bag or pouch, is a versatile container made from thin, flexible materials. These materials include plastic film, nonwoven fabrics, or plastic textiles.

Because they are lightweight and strong, they are used for transporting many goods. This includes foods, produce, powders, ice, and magazines. They are also used for more specialized items like chemicals or medical waste. Plastic bags are a common form of packaging used globally in many different ways.

Most modern plastic bags are created through a process called heat sealing. In this method, heat is used to join the seams of the plastic together.

Some bags are instead bonded using adhesives or are stitched together. There are many different designs available depending on what the bag needs to do. For example, some bags feature gussets, which are folds that allow the bag to hold a higher volume. Other designs include stand-up pouches that can sit upright on a shelf or in a refrigerator.

Some bags even include reclosable press-to-seal zipper strips for easy opening and closing.

There are many specialized types of plastic bags used for specific tasks. In the medical field, non-porous plastic film is used to isolate infectious body fluids.

Other porous bags made from nonwoven plastics can be sterilized with gas to maintain sterility for patients. For cooking, boil-in-bags made of tough nylon or polyester can withstand the heat of boiling water. Some of these are perforated to allow hot water to reach foods like rice or noodles. On an industrial scale, Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers, or FIBCs, are used.

These large "bulk bags" are made of heavy-duty woven plastic fibers and can carry between 500 kg and 2,000 kg.

The history of the modern plastic bag began in Sweden. In the late 1950s, Curt Lindquist, the CEO of the Celloplast company, began experimenting with plastic. However, the modern lightweight shopping bag was specifically developed by an engineer named Sten Gustaf Thulin. In the early 1960s, Thulin created a method to form a one-piece bag. He did this by folding, welding, and die-cutting a flat tube of plastic. This design was strong and could carry a high load. Celloplast was awarded the patent for this invention in 1965. By the mid-1980s, these bags became a standard way to carry groceries in the developed world.

Global usage of plastic bags is massive and varies by country. Every year, an estimated 1 to 5 trillion plastic bags are used and discarded worldwide. The lifespan of a bag, from the store to its destination, is often only 12 minutes. In 2014, people in the United States used approximately 320 bags per capita. Usage rates differ greatly across the globe. For instance, the average consumer in China uses only two or three bags per year. In contrast, people in Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia use more than 400 bags annually.

Plastic bags present significant environmental challenges because they do not biodegrade. Instead, they undergo photodegradation. This is a process where light breaks the plastic down into smaller, toxic pieces.

Most bags are made from petroleum products and natural gas. About 8% of the world's petroleum resources are used to create plastic bags. If disposed of improperly, bags can enter the ocean and harm wildlife. In the Atlantic Ocean alone, an estimated 300 million bags end up in the water. Floating bags can look like jellyfish, which may cause sea turtles to eat them by mistake. This ingestion can lead to premature death for the animal.

Because of these impacts, many governments are taking action. Many cities and countries have introduced legislation to phase out lightweight plastic bags. For example, India has banned bags thinner than 50 microns. In the United States, California passed a law in 2014 to ban their use, though a later law in 2024 aims to close previous loopholes. Despite these concerns, some studies suggest plastic bags have certain advantages. They often use less material than boxes or glass jars. In 2009, Germany's Institute for Energy and Environmental Research found that oil-based plastics could have a better life-cycle analysis than bioplastics if they are recycled.

This is due to the specific processes used in raw-material production.