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Pickup truck

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A pickup truck is a light or medium-duty vehicle designed for versatility. It features an enclosed cabin for passengers and a rear cargo bed. This bed is defined by three low walls and lacks a roof. Some models include a tailgate or a removable covering to secure items. While often viewed as work tools, they serve many roles today. In Australia and New Zealand, these vehicles are known as utes. In South Africa, they are called bakkies, a term meaning a bowl or container.

1922 Ford Model T Pickup 2
1922 Ford Model T Pickup 2

The design of a pickup varies based on how it is used. A regular cab provides a single row of seats and one set of doors. Extended cabs add extra space behind the front seats for storage or small jump seats. Chrysler introduced the first American extended cab, the Club Cab, in 1973. Crew cabs, or double cabs, offer more room with four full-sized doors. These can seat five or six people. Some heavy-duty trucks are called "duallies" because they have four wheels on the rear axle. This extra width helps them carry more weight.

2018 Ford F-350 Super Duty Lariat Powerstroke turbo diesel 6.7L V8 rear, Hagerty 6.1.19
2018 Ford F-350 Super Duty Lariat Powerstroke turbo diesel 6.7L V8 rear, Hagerty 6.1.19

Engineers also use different layouts to change the truck's capacity. A cab-over or cab-forward design places the cabin above the front axle. This allows for a longer cargo bed without making the whole vehicle longer. The Volkswagen Transporter used this style in 1952. In North America, different cab sizes have changed the truck's proportions. A 1960s Ford F-100 was mostly bed, with the cab making up only 36 percent of its length. By 2023, an F-150 was mostly cab, with the bed making up only 37 percent.

2025 Growth in truck size
2025 Growth in truck size

The history of the pickup began with basic chassis sales. In the early 1900s, manufacturers sold only the frame. Third parties then added custom bodies on top. The Rapid Motor Vehicle Company built one-ton trucks in 1902. In 1913, the Galion Allsteel Body Company added hauling boxes to Ford Model T frames. Dodge introduced a wooden-bodied pickup in 1924. Ford followed in 1925 with a steel-bodied half-ton model. This version featured an adjustable tailgate and heavy-duty rear springs.

1922 Ford Model T Pickup 2
1922 Ford Model T Pickup 2

Major companies eventually moved toward specialized truck platforms. General Motors introduced light-duty pickups for GMC and Chevrolet in 1931. These were based on the Chevrolet Master. In 1940, GM created the AK series, a dedicated light-truck platform. Dodge also moved from using passenger car frames to dedicated truck frames in 1936. Ford updated its lineup to the F-Series in 1948. The 1950s saw a shift toward comfort and style. New models like the Chevrolet Fleetside and Ford Styleside featured smoother sides and fewer fenders.

1961 International C-120 4x4 (cropped)
1961 International C-120 4x4 (cropped)

Economic factors and laws have shaped the modern market. In 1963, the United States "chicken tax" limited imported light trucks like the Volkswagen Type 2. This helped American manufacturers grow. Later, the 1973 Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) policy created different rules for cars and trucks. This led to the rise of minivans and sport utility vehicles (SUVs). Additionally, the 1978 gas guzzler tax exempted pickup trucks. This encouraged people to buy trucks instead of fuel-inefficient cars.

Mini pickup ADO8547
Mini pickup ADO8547

Today, the pickup truck is largely a lifestyle vehicle. By the 1990s, less than 15 percent of owners used them primarily for work. In the United States, they account for about 18 percent of all vehicle sales. The Ford F-150 has been a top seller since 1982. Recent surveys show that 87 percent of F-150 owners use them for shopping or errands. Only 7 percent use them frequently for towing. These vehicles are highly profitable for companies like Ford, General Motors, and Stellantis. They can account for over two-thirds of their global pre-tax earnings.

Ford F-150 crew cab -- 05-28-2011
Ford F-150 crew cab -- 05-28-2011
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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Ford F-150 crew cab -- 05-28-2011.jpg
Ford F-150 crew cab -- 05-28-2011.jpg
File:1922 Ford Model T Pickup 2.jpg
1922 Ford Model T Pickup 2.jpg
File:1961 International C-120 4x4 (cropped).JPG
1961 International C-120 4x4 (cropped).JPG
File:Mini pickup ADO8547.JPG
Mini pickup ADO8547.JPG
File:2018 Ford F-350 Super Duty Lariat Powerstroke turbo diesel 6.7L V8 rear, Hagerty 6.1.19.jpg
2018 Ford F-350 Super Duty Lariat...
File:1974 Dodge D200 pickup - camper special (4880939128).jpg
1974 Dodge D200 pickup - camper special...
File:2025 Growth in truck size.svg
2025 Growth in truck size.svg
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