Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🚀

Phoenix (constellation)

space Maturity 11-13 mythology Next article →

This article covers sensitive topics: mythology. Parents can manage visibility in Parental Controls.

Phoenix is a minor constellation located in the southern sky. It is named after the mythical bird that rises from its own ashes. This constellation is part of a group known as the Southern Birds. This group also includes the constellations Grus, Pavo, and Tucana.

Johann Bayer - Uraniometria - Southern Birds
Johann Bayer - Uraniometria - Southern Birds

Because of its position, people living north of the 40th parallel in the Northern Hemisphere cannot see it. It is most visible from locations like Australia and South Africa during the late southern spring. You can find its location by forming a triangle with the bright stars Achernar, Fomalhaut, and Beta Ceti. Ankaa, the brightest star, lies roughly in the center of this triangle.

The history of Phoenix involves many different astronomers and cultures. It first appeared on a celestial globe in Amsterdam in 1597 or 1598. This globe was published by Petrus Plancius and Jodocus Hondius. Johann Bayer later included the constellation in his 1603 celestial atlas, the Uranometria. In 1756, the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille charted 27 stars in the area. He gave them designations using the Greek alphabet from Alpha through Omega.

Phoenix in Doppelmayr's Atlas Coelestis
Phoenix in Doppelmayr's Atlas Coelestis

In 1922, the International Astronomical Union adopted the three-letter abbreviation "Phe" for the constellation. Later, in 1930, Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte defined the official boundaries using a ten-sided polygon.

Many different types of stars exist within these borders. The brightest star is Alpha Phoenicis, also known as Ankaa. It is an orange giant located 77 light years from Earth. The second brightest star is Beta Phoenicis, which is a binary system. This means it is actually two yellow giant stars that orbit each other every 168 years.

Constellation Phoenix
Constellation Phoenix

Another star, Zeta Phoenicis, is an eclipsing binary. This occurs when two blue-white stars orbit so closely that they block each other from our view. This system is about 300 light years away. The star Nu Phoenicis is a yellow-white star that likely has a disk of dust surrounding it.

Some stars in Phoenix are known for how their brightness changes. Gamma Phoenicis is a red giant that varies in magnitude. Psi Phoenicis is another red giant that is 85 times the diameter of the Sun. The star W Phoenicis is a Mira variable, which means its brightness changes over a period of about 334 days. There is also a star called SX Phoenicis. This star changes its brightness very quickly, in a period of only 79 minutes. This star is so unique that it gave its name to a group of stars called SX Phoenicis variables.

Scientists also study specific stars to understand the universe. The star AI Phe is an eclipsing binary identified in 1972. Because its eclipses are so long, scientists can use it to measure the mass and radius of stars. Rho and BD Phoenicis are Delta Scuti variables. These are pulsating stars that scientists use as "standard candles" to measure distances.

Constellation Phoenix
Constellation Phoenix

Phoenix also contains Gliese 915, a white dwarf star. A white dwarf is an extremely dense star compacted into a volume the size of Earth. Gliese 915 is only 26 light years away, but it is too faint to see with the naked eye.

Beyond individual stars, Phoenix contains massive deep-sky objects. It holds the Phoenix Cluster, which is a massive group of galaxies. This cluster is 5.7 billion light years away and is 7.3 million light years wide. The central galaxy in this cluster produces about 740 new stars every year.

Constellation Phoenix
Constellation Phoenix

Another massive object is called El Gordo. This is a cluster located 7.2 billion light years away. It consists of two subclusters that are currently colliding. Phoenix also contains the galaxy NGC 625, which is a dwarf irregular galaxy. It is about 24,000 light years in diameter and is part of the Sculptor Group.

The constellation also connects to the study of planetary systems and ancient history. Ten star systems in Phoenix have known planets. For example, the star HD 142 has a planet that is 1.36 times the mass of Jupiter. The star WASP-18 has a "hot Jupiter" planet that orbits its star in less than one day. Phoenix also contains HE0107-5240, which might be one of the oldest stars ever discovered. This star has very little metal compared to the Sun, suggesting it formed very early in the universe's history. Finally, the area is the radiant for two meteor showers called the Phoenicids, which occur in July and December.

741 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (3)
File:Phoenix in Doppelmayr's Atlas Coelestis.jpg
Phoenix in Doppelmayr's Atlas Coelestis.jpg
File:Johann Bayer - Uraniometria - Southern Birds.jpg
Johann Bayer - Uraniometria - Southern Birds.jpg
File:Constellation Phoenix.jpg
Constellation Phoenix.jpg
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.