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Pharmacy

life science Maturity 9-11 Next article →

Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, and monitoring medications.

VariousPills
VariousPills

The main goal is to ensure that medicines are safe, effective, and affordable for everyone. It is considered a miscellaneous science because it connects health sciences with natural and pharmaceutical sciences.

Pharmacy Green Cross
Pharmacy Green Cross

While many drugs are now manufactured by large pharmaceutical industries, the field is becoming more clinically oriented. This means the focus is shifting toward direct patient care. Pharmacy practice is generally divided into two settings: community pharmacy and institutional pharmacy. In both settings, clinical pharmacy provides direct care to patients.

The field is divided into many specialized disciplines that work together.

PharmacistsMortar
PharmacistsMortar

Pharmaceutics involves the discovery and development of new drugs. Medicinal chemistry is a branch of synthetic chemistry that focuses on drug design. This field combines pharmacology, organic chemistry, and chemical biology. Pharmacognosy and pharmacology are also essential parts of the science. Pharmacology includes the study of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. New disciplines like pharmacoinformatics help make drug discovery more efficient and safe. There is also pharmacogenomics, which studies how genetic variants affect how a person responds to drugs or develops allergies.

Pharmacists are highly trained healthcare professionals who optimize drug therapy.

Medicin man
Medicin man

They understand the mode of action, metabolism, and physiological effects of drugs in great detail. The World Health Organization estimates there are at least 2.6 million pharmacy personnel worldwide. Pharmacists may work as small business owners or as clinical experts. In some places, like Canada and Australia, they can even prescribe or manage prescriptions. They may also provide immunizations and injections. In the United States, pharmacists can specialize in areas like oncology, infectious disease, or psychiatry.

Support staff are vital to the daily operations of a pharmacy.

332nd EMSG Pharmacy Tech DVIDS328212
332nd EMSG Pharmacy Tech DVIDS328212

Pharmacy technicians support pharmacists by dispensing prescription drugs and medical devices. They also handle administrative duties, such as reviewing insurance requests. In the United Kingdom, technicians in hospitals can even manage specialized pharmacy areas. This allows pharmacists to spend more time as medication consultants. Other staff include dispensing assistants, who prepare and label medicines. In the UK, healthcare assistants can also sell certain medicines over the counter.

The history of pharmacy stretches back thousands of years to ancient civilizations.

Dioscorides De Materia Medica Byzantium 15th century
Dioscorides De Materia Medica Byzantium 15th century

Sumerian cuneiform clay tablets from the 4th millennium BC recorded various prescriptions. Ancient Egyptians recorded pharmacological knowledge in the Ebers Papyrus around 1550 BC. In India, the Sushruta Samhita is one of the earliest known compilations of medicinal substances. In China, the Shennong Bencao Jing dates back to the 1st century AD. In Japan, pharmacists held highly respected positions in the Imperial court. They were even ranked above personal physicians in the Imperial household.

During the Islamic Golden Age, pharmacy saw massive scientific advances.

Scientific chemistry and pharmacy
Scientific chemistry and pharmacy

The first pharmacies were established in Baghdad in 754. Scientists like Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi promoted the use of chemical compounds. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi pioneered preparing medicines through sublimation and distillation. His work, the Liber servitoris, provided recipes for complex drugs. Sabur Ibn Sahl was also notable for being the first physician to record findings in a pharmacopoeia. These historical developments helped transform the work of the apothecary into modern science.

Today, pharmacy connects complex laboratory science to everyday human health.

Metsu, Gabriël - L'Apothicaire - c. 1651-1667
Metsu, Gabriël - L'Apothicaire - c. 1651-1667

In the United States and Canada, drugstores are common places where people buy medicine. These stores often sell miscellaneous items like cosmetics, office supplies, and groceries. In Great Britain, these establishments are more commonly called chemists. Whether through drug design in a lab or patient counseling at a counter, pharmacy remains essential. It ensures that the science of medicine reaches the people who need it most.

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🖼️ Images & Media (14)
File:PharmacistsMortar.svg
PharmacistsMortar.svg
File:Pharmacy Green Cross.svg
Pharmacy Green Cross.svg
File:VariousPills.jpg
VariousPills.jpg
File:Metsu, Gabriël - L'Apothicaire - c. 1651-1667.jpg
Metsu, Gabriël - L'Apothicaire - c. 1651-1667.jpg
File:42-aspetti di vita quotidiana, medicine, Taccuino Sanitatis.jpg
42-aspetti di vita quotidiana, medicine,...
File:Medicin man.jpg
Medicin man.jpg
File:Legenogapotekeren.jpg
Legenogapotekeren.jpg
File:Scientific chemistry and pharmacy.jpg
Scientific chemistry and pharmacy.jpg
File:Dioscorides De Materia Medica Byzantium 15th century.jpg
Dioscorides De Materia Medica Byzantium...
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Hauptmarkt 6 in Trier 01.jpg
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Raeapteek sign.jpg
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Klaukkalan apteekki.jpg

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