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Perugia

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Perugia is the capital city of the Umbria region and the province of Perugia in central Italy.

Perugia vista dal museo archeologico nazionale dell'Umbria, 2023
Perugia vista dal museo archeologico nazionale dell'Umbria, 2023

The city is situated on a high hilltop and extends into the surrounding valleys. The River Tiber flows through this geographic area. As of 2025, the city has a population of 162,467 inhabitants.

Territorio Perugino - CBT 5882112
Territorio Perugino - CBT 5882112

It is located north of Rome and southeast of Florence. Perugia serves as a major cultural, artistic, and educational hub for the region.

The history of Perugia is deeply rooted in the ancient Etruscan period. It was originally known as Perusia and was one of the twelve confederate cities of Etruria. Written records first mention the city around 310 or 309 BC.

Torre del Cassero o Porta Sant'Angelo (Perugia)
Torre del Cassero o Porta Sant'Angelo (Perugia)

During the Roman era, the city was involved in major conflicts like the Second Punic War. In 41–40 BC, the city endured a long siege by Octavian. Although the city was burnt during these wars, the massive Etruscan terrace-walls remained standing. The city was later resettled as Colonia Vibia Augusta Perusia around 251–253 AD.

In the early Middle Ages, Perugia was a site of significant resistance. It was the only city in Umbria to resist the Ostrogoths. In 547, the city was captured and wasted after a long siege. During this time, the bishop, Herculanus, acted as a representative for the townspeople. He later became the city's patron saint. By the 11th century, the city's commune began asserting its own independence. This led to many years of warfare against neighboring cities like Assisi, Spoleto, and Siena.

The city's relationship with the Papacy was often complex and tense. While Perugia hosted five papal conclaves, it frequently resisted papal sovereignty. For example, in 1282, the city was excommunicated after a military offensive against the Ghibellines. The city often aligned with the Guelph party, which was a political strategy against Germanic influence. In the 14th century, Perugia even resisted papal legates through open warfare. This period of instability eventually led to the rise of local lordships.

Several notable figures held power in Perugia during the late Middle Ages. Biordo Michelotti, a mercenary captain, became the first "lord of Perugia" in 1393. He ruled for five years before being killed in a conspiracy in 1398.

Braccio Baglioni, Gonfalone di Benedetto Bonfigli
Braccio Baglioni, Gonfalone di Benedetto Bonfigli

Following his death, the city faced high debts and internal instability. In 1400, the people chose to submit to the Duchy of Milan. Gian Galeazzo Visconti was proclaimed the lord of the city by the voluntary submission of its representatives.

Perugia is also a world-renowned center for higher education and the arts. The University of Perugia was founded in 1308, making it a long-standing academic institution. Other important schools include the University for Foreigners and the Music Conservatory of Perugia, founded in 1788.

Collegio del cambio, Perugia 2023
Collegio del cambio, Perugia 2023

The city is famous for its connection to Renaissance masters. The painter Pietro Vannucci, known as Perugino, was a native of the area.

Pietro Perugino cat52a-1
Pietro Perugino cat52a-1

Perugino was likely the teacher of the great artist Raphael. Many of Raphael's early works and studies are connected to Perugino's influence in the city.

Artistic heritage is visible throughout the city's architecture and monuments. The Basilica of San Domenico features a beautiful stained glass window from 1411.

Vetrata San Domenico, Perugia, 2023
Vetrata San Domenico, Perugia, 2023

The griffin serves as the official symbol of Perugia. This creature appears on many statues and plaques across the city.

01 Perugia Grifo Codice Medioevo
01 Perugia Grifo Codice Medioevo

The local football club, A.C. Perugia, also uses the griffin as its emblem. The club famously went unbeaten during the 1978–79 season. To manage its hilly terrain, the city utilizes a modern system called the Minimetrò.

Minimetro 03
Minimetro 03
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🖼️ Images & Media (14)
File:01 Perugia Grifo Codice Medioevo.jpg
01 Perugia Grifo Codice Medioevo.jpg
File:Territorio Perugino - CBT 5882112.jpg
Territorio Perugino - CBT 5882112.jpg
File:Braccio Baglioni, Gonfalone di Benedetto Bonfigli.jpg
Braccio Baglioni, Gonfalone di Benedetto...
File:Pietro Perugino cat52a-1.jpg
Pietro Perugino cat52a-1.jpg
File:Giuseppe-rossi rocca-paolina.jpg
Giuseppe-rossi rocca-paolina.jpg
File:Rocca Paolina.jpg
Rocca Paolina.jpg
File:Perugia vista dal museo archeologico nazionale dell'Umbria, 2023.jpg
Perugia vista dal museo archeologico...
File:Vetrata San Domenico, Perugia, 2023.jpg
Vetrata San Domenico, Perugia, 2023.jpg
File:Torre degli Sciri, Perugia.jpg
Torre degli Sciri, Perugia.jpg
File:Torre del Cassero o Porta Sant'Angelo (Perugia).jpg
Torre del Cassero o Porta Sant'Angelo...
File:Collegio del cambio, Perugia 2023.jpg
Collegio del cambio, Perugia 2023.jpg
File:Stadio renato curi Perugia.jpg
Stadio renato curi Perugia.jpg

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