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PC Card

technology Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A PC Card is a specialized expansion interface for portable computers like laptops and PDAs.

Various PC Cards
Various PC Cards

These cards allow a device to gain new abilities by plugging into a dedicated slot. While they were first designed to add memory for storage, they eventually became a way to add many different tools. This included modems for internet, network cards, and even hard disks. The standard was managed by an organization called the PCMCIA. In March 1995, the name was changed to PC Card to avoid confusion with the organization itself. Today, the PC Card has mostly been replaced by the ExpressCard interface.

PCCard CardBus
PCCard CardBus

The way these cards communicate with a computer depends on their specific technical design. The original 16-bit cards were based on the ISA bus platform. Later, a faster version called CardBus was introduced. CardBus is a 32-bit version that follows the PCI specification. It can operate at speeds up to 33 MHz. One important feature of CardBus is bus mastering. This allows a controller on the card to talk directly to memory or other devices. This process happens without needing to use the computer's main CPU.

PCCard CardBus
PCCard CardBus

There are several different physical shapes, or form factors, for these cards. Type I cards are thick and use a 16-bit interface. They have 68 holes along a short edge for connecting to the computer. These are mostly used for memory types like RAM or flash memory. Type II cards are thinner and allow for more complex tools. Because they are thin, they often use a dongle. A dongle is a short cable that connects the card to an external part. Some Type II cards even feature a retractable jack that pops out for cables.

IBM PCMCIA Data-Fax Modem V.34 FRU 42H4326-8920
IBM PCMCIA Data-Fax Modem V.34 FRU 42H4326-8920

Type III cards are thicker than Type II cards. This extra thickness allows them to hold larger components inside. You might find hard disk drive cards or cards with full-size connectors in this format. These cards do not require a dongle to work. There was also a Type IV card introduced by Toshiba, though it was not an official standard. Most modern CardBus slots are backward compatible. This means they can accept older 16-bit cards. However, older slots are not forward compatible. This means they cannot accept the newer, faster CardBus cards.

The history of the PC Card began in November 1990. The PCMCIA published the 1.0 standard that year. It was very quickly adopted by more than eighty different vendors. In October 1992, SanDisk launched a PCMCIA card for the HP 95LX pocket computer. This card used a special standard to act like a hard drive. It allowed the device to reach a capacity of 32 MB. As the technology grew, the standard had to change. It needed to support "smart" I/O cards for things like fax and modems. This led to new versions like PCMCIA 2.1, which included Card Services.

Accton-etherpocket-sp-parallel-port-ethernet-adapter
Accton-etherpocket-sp-parallel-port-ethernet-adapter

PC Cards have appeared in many surprising places beyond just laptops. For example, early digital SLR cameras like the Kodak DCS 300 series used them. Some cars, such as the Mercedes-Benz S-Class from 2006 to 2009, included a reader. Drivers used these cards to play MP3 audio files through the car's infotainment system. In Japan, early PlayStation 2 models even had a slot for them. These slots could be used to install a network adapter or an external hard disk drive. Even arcade machines like the Taito G-NET used them to distribute software. This allowed game developers to replace software without replacing the entire arcade board.

The legacy of the PC Card lives on through newer technologies. The electrical specifications used for PC Cards helped create CompactFlash cards. CompactFlash is a smaller version that uses a 50-pin subset of the original interface. In 2003, the PCMCIA introduced ExpressCard to replace the aging PC Card standard. ExpressCard is built around the PCI Express and USB 2.0 standards. While they are different, you can use adapters to connect a CardBus card to an ExpressCard slot. The PCMCIA organization eventually dissolved in 2009. Its assets were merged into the USB Implementers Forum.

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🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:Various PC Cards.jpg
Various PC Cards.jpg
File:Accton-etherpocket-sp-parallel-port-ethernet-adapter.jpg
Accton-etherpocket-sp-parallel-port-ethern...
File:IBM PCMCIA Data-Fax Modem V.34 FRU 42H4326-8920.jpg
IBM PCMCIA Data-Fax Modem V.34 FRU...
File:PCCard CardBus.jpg
PCCard CardBus.jpg
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