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Palermo

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Palermo is a major Mediterranean city located in northwestern Sicily, southern Italy.

Palermo 0538
Palermo 0538

It sits on a gulf facing the Tyrrhenian Sea.

Il golfo di Mondello
Il golfo di Mondello

The city serves as the capital for both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Metropolitan City of Palermo. It is a vital center for culture, economics, and tourism.

Porto e bacini palermo dall'alto
Porto e bacini palermo dall'alto

The city is one of the largest in the Mediterranean region. It is currently undergoing redevelopment to become a major hub in the Euro-Mediterranean area.

Human settlement in this area dates back to the Mesolithic period.

Palermo-Museo-Archeologico-bjs-11
Palermo-Museo-Archeologico-bjs-11

Cave drawings found at nearby Addaura suggest activity around 8000 BC. The original inhabitants were the Sicani people. Around 734 BC, the Phoenicians established a small settlement on the natural harbor.

MuraPunichePalermo
MuraPunichePalermo

They named the settlement "flower." This became one of three main Phoenician colonies in Sicily. The settlement included a district called Paleapolis, or "Old City." A second area called Neapolis, or "New City," developed between the port and the old quarter. The city was protected by walls that followed the Kemonia and Papireto rivers. These rivers created a natural moat for military security.

Between the 6th and 5th centuries BC, the Greeks interacted with the settlement. During the Sicilian Wars, the Greeks named the site Pánormos. This name means "wide haven" because of the large anchorage.

Giuseppe Garibaldi entering Palermo
Giuseppe Garibaldi entering Palermo

The Carthaginians later used this Greek name on their coins. Eventually, the Romans conquered the city in 254 BC. The city remained part of the Roman Republic and Empire for over a thousand years. During this era, residents built many luxurious residences in various locations. After the fall of Rome, several Germanic tribes controlled the area. The Vandals occupied Sicily briefly before the Ostrogoths took control. Later, the Byzantine Empire seized the city during the Gothic War in 535.

Arab rule began in 831 and lasted for about 240 years.

During this period, the city was known as Bal'harm. It became the capital of the Emirate of Sicily. Palermo grew in splendor and competed with cities like Córdoba and Cairo. The Arabs also introduced many agricultural crops to the region. These crops remain important to Sicilian cuisine today. In 1072, the Normans conquered the city after a five-month siege.

The Hauteville family led this conquest and returned the city to Christianity.

Under the Normans, Palermo became the capital of the Kingdom of Sicily.

Palermo palazzo normanni
Palermo palazzo normanni

This kingdom lasted from 1130 to 1816 and was one of Europe's wealthiest states. The King's Court was held at the Palazzo dei Normanni.

Palermo-Castle-bjs-1
Palermo-Castle-bjs-1

Many grand structures were built during this time, including the Palermo Cathedral. Emperor Frederick II, who ruled from 1198, considered Palermo his favorite city. After the Norman era, the city saw various rulers from Spain, Austria, and the House of Savoy. In 1860, Giuseppe Garibaldi conquered the city during the Expedition of the Thousand. Palermo then became part of the new Kingdom of Italy in 1861.

Today, Palermo is a bustling metropolitan center.

Districts of Palermo with Roman numbers
Districts of Palermo with Roman numbers

As of 2025, the municipality has a population of 625,956. The urban area population is estimated at 855,285. The entire metropolitan city contains around 1.2 million people. This makes it the fifth most populated metropolitan city in Italy. The inhabitants are called Palermitani or, poetically, panormiti. They speak Italian and the Palermitano dialect of the Sicilian language. The city's economy relies on tourism, services, commerce, and agriculture. It also features an international airport and a significant underground economy.

Cultural heritage is a defining feature of the city. Palermo is the main seat of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Arab-Norman Palermo.

Cappella Palatina (low-angle)
Cappella Palatina (low-angle)

This includes the Cathedral Churches of Cefalù and Monreale. Visitors are drawn to the diverse architecture, including Romanesque, Gothic, Baroque, and Art Nouveau styles.

La fontaine de la honte (Palerme) (6877773882)
La fontaine de la honte (Palerme) (6877773882)

The city is also famous for its vibrant markets. Vucciria, Ballarò, and Capo are known for colorful fruit, vegetable, and fish. Religion also plays a major role in local culture. Roman Catholicism is highly important, and the Patron Saint is Santa Rosalia. Her Feast Day is celebrated every year on 15 July.

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🖼️ Images & Media (29)
File:Palermo-Museo-Archeologico-bjs-11.jpg
Palermo-Museo-Archeologico-bjs-11.jpg
File:Palermo-San-Giovanni-bjs-2.jpg
Palermo-San-Giovanni-bjs-2.jpg
File:Chapelle Palatine.jpg
Chapelle Palatine.jpg
File:Muqarnas à lintérieur de la Cuba (Palerme) (7034575397).jpg
Muqarnas à lintérieur de la Cuba...
File:Piazza Bologni - Carlo V, Albergaria, Palermo, Sicily, Italy - panoramio.jpg
Piazza Bologni - Carlo V, Albergaria,...
File:Sanesi - La rivoluzione di Palermo-12 gennaio 1848 - ca. 1850.jpg
Sanesi - La rivoluzione di Palermo-12...
File:Giuseppe Garibaldi entering Palermo.jpg
Giuseppe Garibaldi entering Palermo.jpg
File:Palermo - Grand Hotel et des Palmes - scorcio.jpg
Palermo - Grand Hotel et des Palmes - scorcio.jpg
File:Il golfo di Mondello.jpg
Il golfo di Mondello.jpg
File:Sommer, Giorgio (1834-1914) - n. 9000 - PALERMO - Monte Pellegrino.jpg
Sommer, Giorgio (1834-1914) - n. 9000 -...
File:Districts of Palermo with Roman numbers.svg
Districts of Palermo with Roman numbers.svg
File:GenioPalermoMarabitti.JPG
GenioPalermoMarabitti.JPG

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