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Odysseas Elytis

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Odysseas Elytis was a preeminent Greek poet, essayist, and translator. He is widely considered the definitive exponent of romantic modernism in Greece and the world. His literary influence helped inaugurate a new era of reform in Greek poetry following the Second World War. One of his most significant works, Axion Esti, is regarded by many as a monument of contemporary poetry. For his immense contributions to the literary world, Elytis was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1979.

Elytis family
Elytis family

Born Odysseas Alepoudelis on November 2, 1911, his early life was shaped by his family's industrial background. His family was well-established in soap manufacturing and olive oil production in Heraklion, Crete. He was the last of six siblings born to Panayiotis Alepoudelis and Maria E. Vrana. His father, who wrote unpublished poetry, may have served as a primary inspiration for his literary path. In 1914, the family relocated to Athens, where his father moved the soap factory to Piraeus.

Elytis's path to becoming a poet involved several significant shifts in direction. He initially studied law and successfully passed the competitive entrance exams for the Law School at the University of Athens. He also expressed a desire to become a surrealist painter, though his family discouraged this pursuit. In 1929, he took a sabbatical and made the secret decision to commit solely to poetry. He published his first poem in the journal New Letters in 1935 under the pseudonym Elytis. This publication marked the beginning of his established career in the literary community.

His life was marked by periods of intense physical and political struggle. In 1927, he was diagnosed with tuberculosis and spent time recuperating by reading Greek poetry. During the Second World War, he served as a Second Lieutenant and was stationed on the front lines. While serving, he contracted an acute case of typhus abdominalis. He faced a difficult medical choice during the German occupation of Greece: remain in a hospital as a prisoner or risk dangerous intestinal complications by transferring to Agrinio. He chose to transfer and eventually made a steady recovery in Athens.

Elytis was a deeply well-traveled intellectual who engaged with the global avant-garde. He lived in Paris during two separate periods, from 1948 to 1952 and again from 1969 to 1972. While in Paris, he audited literature seminars at the Sorbonne and befriended legendary artists like Picasso, Matisse, and Chagall. He was a close friend of the publisher Tériade, with whom he shared a love for the painter Theophilos. His travels also took him to the United States, where he visited cities including New York, Washington, and San Francisco in 1961. He also traveled through the Soviet Union in 1962 alongside Andreas Embirikos and Yiorgos Theotokas.

Beyond his poetry, Elytis held numerous influential positions within Greek cultural institutions. He served as the Programme Director for the Greek National Radio Foundation during two different terms. He was also a member of the Administrative Council of the Greek National Theatre. His leadership extended to the presidency of the Administrative Council of the Greek Radio and Television. He was recognized with several prestigious honors, including the Order of the Phoenix in 1965 and the First State Poetry Prize in 1960. In 1975, he received the Doctor Honoris Causa from Thessaloniki University.

Elytis possessed a complex spiritual and philosophical worldview. He was a dedicated follower of various forms of numerology, including Pythagorean, Biblical, and Chaldean systems. His interests also included Vedic astrology and certain tenets of Hinduism. These beliefs coexisted with his Greek Orthodox background, even as he expressed personal views on modern social issues. He remained a man of deep thought and diverse interests until his death from heart failure in Athens on March 18, 1996, at the age of 84.

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