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Nut (goddess)

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Nut was a major deity in the ancient Egyptian religion. She was the goddess of the sky, the stars, and the cosmos. She also represented mothers, astronomy, and the entire universe.

Goddess Nut
Goddess Nut

Nut served as a vital barrier between the ordered cosmos and the forces of chaos. By encompassing the world, she maintained the structure of existence. Her role was essential to the Egyptian understanding of how the universe functioned and stayed stable.

Ancient Egyptians visualized Nut through several distinct forms. Most commonly, she was depicted as a nude woman arching her body over the Earth.

Goddess Nut 2
Goddess Nut 2

Her body was often speckled with stars, representing the night sky. Her fingers and toes were believed to touch the four cardinal directions: north, south, east, and west. Sometimes, she appeared as a cow whose massive body formed the heavens.

Nut1
Nut1

She could also take the form of a sycamore tree or a giant sow suckling piglets that represented the stars.

Nut's family connections were central to Egyptian creation myths. She was the daughter of Shu, the god of air, and Tefnut, the personification of moisture.

Shu separating Geb and Nut
Shu separating Geb and Nut

Her brother and husband was Geb, who personified the Earth. This relationship was unique because many other mythologies feature a sky father and an Earth mother. In the Heliopolis creation story, the union of Geb and Nut produced several important deities. Their children included Osiris, Isis, Set, and Nephthys.

A Greek version of the myth also mentions a fifth child named Arueris, or Horus the Elder.

Many different titles were used to describe Nut's various functions. One title was "Coverer of the Sky," referring to her position arching over the world. This position simulated the visible sky as seen from the ground. Another title was "She Who Protects," because she was believed to envelop the sun god, Ra.

Goddess Nut 2
Goddess Nut 2

Some scholars believe the Egyptians saw the Milky Way as a celestial depiction of Nut herself. Her headdress often featured a water-pot hieroglyph, which may have symbolized the uterus.

Nut played a crucial role in the cycle of day and night. It was believed that the sun and moon traveled across her body during the day. At dusk, she would swallow the sun, which then traveled through her belly during the night. This process allowed the sun to be reborn at dawn.

Goddess Nut 2
Goddess Nut 2

Because of this cycle of rebirth, she was also called "She Who Holds a Thousand Souls." This connection made her a key figure in myths regarding the afterlife and resurrection.

Because of her protective nature, Nut was a friend to the deceased. She was thought to draw the dead into her star-filled sky to refresh them with food and wine.

To invoke her aid, people placed a symbol called a maqet, or a ladder, in tombs. This ladder was the tool Osiris used to enter the heavenly skies. Egyptians often painted Nut on the inside of sarcophagi or on dark blue tomb vaults. This was done to ensure the deceased was protected among the imperishable stars.

Historical accounts of Nut also come from outside Egypt. The Greek philosopher Plutarch wrote about her in the first century CE. In his work, *De Iside et Osiride*, he presented a narrative that connected Egyptian beliefs to Greek ideas.

Goddess Nut 2
Goddess Nut 2

Plutarch suggested that the goddess Nut was equated with the Greek figure Rhea. He described how five additional days were added to the 360-day calendar to celebrate the births of the gods. While some Egyptologists argue these were imaginative embellishments, these stories show how Nut's influence spread through different cultures. Ancient texts like the "Book of Nut" continue to provide insight into her importance in astronomy and time-keeping.

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File:Goddes nut inside the coffin of peftjauneith (rmo leiden, egypt 26d 664-525bc) (3977549159).jpg
Goddes nut inside the coffin of...
File:Goddess Nut 2.JPG
Goddess Nut 2.JPG
File:Nut1.JPG
Nut1.JPG
File:Goddess Nut.png
Goddess Nut.png
File:Shu separating Geb and Nut.svg
Shu separating Geb and Nut.svg
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