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National Enquirer

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The National Enquirer is a prominent American tabloid newspaper. A tabloid is a publication characterized by smaller page sizes than standard broadsheet newspapers. It is widely recognized for its specific methods of news gathering. One such method is checkbook journalism, where the paper pays sources for tips. This practice often leads to conflicts of interest. The publication has also faced controversy regarding "catch and kill" practices. This involves buying stories specifically to prevent them from being published elsewhere. These methods distinguish the Enquirer from mainstream journalistic organizations.

The history of the paper began in 1926 in New York City. William Griffin founded the publication as The New York Evening Enquirer. He used money lent to him by William Randolph Hearst to start the paper. Hearst used the Enquirer as a testing ground for new ideas. If an idea worked, Hearst took it to his larger publications. If it failed, the idea stayed with the Enquirer. This meant the paper's sales did not always grow quickly. During the 1930s and 1940s, the paper promoted isolationism and pro-fascist propaganda. In 1942, Griffin and the paper were indicted under the Smith Act for sedition. These charges were related to editorials against U.S. military involvement in World War II, but the charges were eventually dropped.

Ownership changes significantly altered the direction of the paper. After Griffin died, the circulation fell to 17,000 copies per week by 1952. Generoso Pope Jr. purchased the paper three years after Griffin's death. His son, Paul, alleged that crime boss Frank Costello provided the money for the purchase. In exchange, the paper promised to list lottery numbers and avoid Mafia news. In 1953, Pope changed the format to a sensationalist tabloid. He renamed the publication The National Enquirer in 1957. During the late 1950s and 1960s, the paper focused on gory and unsettling stories. Pope admitted he got these ideas from watching people gather around auto accidents. By 1966, the circulation had risen to one million copies.

To expand its reach, Pope changed the paper's content and distribution. In late 1967, he stopped printing violent stories. Instead, he focused on more benign topics like celebrities, the occult, and UFOs. This change allowed the paper to be sold at supermarket checkouts. In 1971, the headquarters moved from New York to Lantana, Florida. The paper also became known for its annual Christmas tradition in Florida. Every year, a massive decorated tree was shipped from the Pacific Northwest by rail. A crane would off-load the tree onto the company property. Thousands of people visited the tree each season. This tradition continued until Pope died in 1988.

The company underwent several major corporate shifts in later years. After Pope's death, his widow Lois and other owners sold the company for $412 million. This formed American Media, Inc., or AMI. AMI eventually acquired the Star magazine from Rupert Murdoch. In 1999, the paper moved its headquarters to Boca Raton, Florida. A tragic event occurred there in 2001 during the anthrax attacks. Bob Stevens, a photo editor, died after being exposed to anthrax spores. The entire AMI office complex was closed for two years following this event. In 2014, AMI announced it would move the headquarters back to New York City.

The National Enquirer has been involved in many high-profile investigations. For example, the paper spent two years reporting on the death of Elvis Presley. It published autopsy results and reports regarding his pharmaceutical drug use. The paper also investigated politician John Edwards for 18 months. This investigation revealed an affair with Rielle Hunter. The Enquirer's reporting was so impactful that some speculated it might win a Pulitzer Prize. The paper also offered a $100,000 reward for information regarding the murder of Ennis Cosby. This tip helped the Los Angeles Police Department secure an arrest and conviction.

In recent years, the paper has remained central to political news. During the 2016 presidential election, the Enquirer published stories about candidates. It ran a report alleging that Senator Ted Cruz was being investigated for extramarital affairs. It also published a story suggesting Cruz's father had links to Lee Harvey Oswald. Donald Trump also interacted with the paper during his campaign. In 2019, the ownership of the paper changed again. Chatham Asset Management gained control of 80 percent of AMI's stock. This led to the sale of the National Enquirer to the Hudson Group. This series of events shows how the paper has evolved through many different eras.

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