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Musique concrète

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Musique concrète is a unique method of musical composition. It uses recorded sounds as its primary raw material. Most traditional music relies on abstract notation written on paper. In that system, composers use symbols to tell musicians which notes to play. Musique concrète works in the opposite direction. It starts with "concrete" sounds from the real world. These sounds are then shaped into a musical work.

L430xH465 jpg Schaeffer big-2eb70
L430xH465 jpg Schaeffer big-2eb70

The process of making this music involves several technical stages. First, a composer captures a sound using a recording device. This could be a musical instrument or a human voice. They might also record the natural environment. Next, the composer uses audio signal processing to change the sound. They may use tape music techniques to manipulate the recordings. This can include cutting, looping, or reversing the tape. Modern composers also use computer-based digital signal processing. These steps allow the composer to create a sound collage.

Phonogene
Phonogene

One key concept in this music is acousmatic sound. This refers to sounds where the source is hidden from the listener. The composer intentionally obscures the sound's identity. You might hear a noise but not know what caused it. This technique allows sounds to appear unconnected to their original source. The music is not restricted by standard rules of melody or rhythm. Instead, it focuses on the physical qualities of the sound itself.

Morphophone
Morphophone

The theoretical foundation was built by Pierre Schaeffer in the 1940s. He was a French composer and theoretician. He began his experiments at the Studio d'Essai. This studio played a role in the French Resistance during World War II. In 1948, Schaeffer began a formal study of noises. He wanted to create a "symphony of noises." He published his findings in a book in 1952. His early works included the "Cinq études de bruits," or Five Studies of Noises.

SchaefferStudio54
SchaefferStudio54

Other artists were also exploring these ideas during this era. In Cairo, Egyptian composer Halim El-Dabh conducted early experiments. In the mid-1940s, he used a wire recorder for his work. He recorded an ancient zaar ceremony. He then used echo and reverberation to process the audio. His piece, "The Expression of Zaar," was presented in 1944. This shows that similar ideas were emerging in different parts of the world.

Pierre Henry in concert, 1952
Pierre Henry in concert, 1952

By 1951, the Groupe de Recherches de Musique Concrète (GRMC) was established in Paris. This group included Schaeffer, Pierre Henry, and engineer Jacques Poullin. The GRMC created the first purpose-built electroacoustic music studio. Many famous composers joined this movement. These included Pierre Boulez, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Edgard Varèse. They produced many important works between 1951 and 1953. This period helped turn the practice into a recognized field of study.

Psconcer
Psconcer

Musique concrète changed how we understand the relationship between music and noise. It treats sound as a plastic, or moldable, material. This is similar to how a sculptor works with clay. It also connects to the history of cinema and radio. Early filmmakers like Walter Ruttmann used environmental sounds to represent cities. Since the 1960s, the term "acousmatic music" has described works using these techniques. Today, the term "electronic music" often covers both musique concrète and electronically produced sounds.

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Salakapakka Sound System - 01 - Time is...
File:L430xH465 jpg Schaeffer big-2eb70.jpg
L430xH465 jpg Schaeffer big-2eb70.jpg
File:Phonogene.jpg
Phonogene.jpg
File:Morphophone.JPG
Morphophone.JPG
File:Pierre Henry in concert, 1952.jpg
Pierre Henry in concert, 1952.jpg
File:SchaefferStudio54.JPG
SchaefferStudio54.JPG
File:Psconcer.jpg
Psconcer.jpg
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