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Muhammad Yunus

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Muhammad Yunus is a Bangladeshi economist and social business entrepreneur.

Young-muhammad-yunus
Young-muhammad-yunus

He is best known for pioneering microcredit and microfinance. These are systems that provide very small loans to people living in poverty. His work aims to help people become self-sufficient through small business ventures. Beyond his economic work, he recently helped lead Bangladesh through a major political transition. In 2024, he became the 5th Chief Adviser of Bangladesh. He served in this role during an interim government period from 2024 to 2026.

Muhammad Yunus is greeted by SAD coordinators upon his arrival in Dhaka
Muhammad Yunus is greeted by SAD coordinators upon his arrival in Dhaka

The mechanism of microfinance relies on a specific social model.

In the late 1970s, Yunus noticed that traditional banks ignored the poor. These banks viewed tiny loans as too risky because the borrowers had no collateral. Yunus tested a different approach in the village of Jobra. He lent $27 of his own money to 42 local women. These women used the funds to buy materials like bamboo. They then made furniture and sold it for a profit. This proved that small amounts of capital could create economic growth.

Grameen
Grameen

To ensure these loans are repaid, the Grameen Bank uses solidarity groups.

Grameen
Grameen

Instead of requiring physical assets, the bank uses social support. Small, informal groups apply for loans together. The members of these groups act as co-guarantors for one another. They provide mutual support to help every member succeed in their business. This system creates a sense of shared responsibility. It also allows the bank to lend to people who have no other way to access credit. Most of these loans, over 94 percent, go to women. Yunus observed that women are more likely to use their earnings to support their families.

The history of Yunus's work began with his academic journey.

Muhammad Yunus at Chittagong Collegiate School
Muhammad Yunus at Chittagong Collegiate School

He was born on June 28, 1940, in the village of Bathua. He studied economics at the University of Dhaka, earning his BA in 1960 and his MA in 1961. He later moved to the United States on a Fulbright scholarship. He earned a PhD in economics from Vanderbilt University in 1969. During the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, he helped raise support for his country from the United States. After the war, he returned to Bangladesh. He witnessed the famine of 1974, which deeply influenced his focus on poverty alleviation.

Young-muhammad-yunus
Young-muhammad-yunus

His microfinance model grew into a massive global movement.

Nobel prize winner
Nobel prize winner

The Grameen Bank, or "Village Bank," officially began operations as a full bank in 1983. By July 2007, the bank had issued $6.38 billion to 7.4 million borrowers. The success of this model inspired similar programs in about 100 developing countries. It even reached developed nations like the United States. Yunus also expanded into other sectors to help the poor. He started Grameen Motsho for fisheries and Grameen Krishi for agriculture. One notable project was the Village Phone program. This project brought cell-phone ownership to 260,000 rural people in over 50,000 villages.

Yunus has received many prestigious international honors for his contributions.

Nobel prize winner
Nobel prize winner

In 2006, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. He was the first person from Bangladesh to receive this honor.

Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction (ribbon)
Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction (ribbon)

In 2009, he received the United States Presidential Medal of Freedom. He also earned the Congressional Gold Medal in 2010. His influence is recognized by major publications. In 2025, Time Magazine named him one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World. He was also listed among the 500 Most Influential Muslims in 2024.

His work connects economics to broader social and political systems.

Muhammad Yunus in COP29 Baku, Azerbaijan
Muhammad Yunus in COP29 Baku, Azerbaijan

He promotes the idea of social business, which uses business methods to solve social problems. He founded the Yunus Centre in Dhaka to research poverty eradication and sustainability. He has also been a founding member of "The Elders," a group of global leaders. This group works to tackle some of the world's toughest challenges. His leadership in Bangladesh in 2024 showed how economic thinkers can also participate in governance. He helped lead a transition toward democratic governance following the July Uprising. This role included managing a Constitutional Reform Commission to update the nation's laws.

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🖼️ Images & Media (18)
File:Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction (ribbon).svg
Presidential Medal of Freedom with...
File:Nobel prize winner.svg
Nobel prize winner.svg
File:Independence Award Ribbon.svg
Independence Award Ribbon.svg
File:Young-muhammad-yunus.jpg
Young-muhammad-yunus.jpg
File:Muhammad Yunus at Chittagong Collegiate School.JPG
Muhammad Yunus at Chittagong Collegiate School.JPG
File:Grameen.JPG
Grameen.JPG
File:25. Internationales Management-Gespräch-Muhammad Yunus im Gespräch mit Teilnehmenden-HSGN 028-01048.jpg
25. Internationales...
File:Muhammad Yunus is greeted by SAD coordinators upon his arrival in Dhaka.jpg
Muhammad Yunus is greeted by SAD...
File:President Joe Biden holds a pull-aside meeting with Interim Leader of Bangladesh Muhammad Yunus, Tuesday, September 24, 2024, at the U.N. Headquarters in New York City.jpg
President Joe Biden holds a pull-aside...
File:Muhammad Yunus in COP29 Baku, Azerbaijan.jpg
Muhammad Yunus in COP29 Baku, Azerbaijan.jpg
File:Muhammad Yunus Guard Of Honor Qatar Armed Forces Doha 2025-04-23 (PID-0002252).jpg
Muhammad Yunus Guard Of Honor Qatar Armed...
File:Reception hosted by U.S. President Donald Trump in New York on 23 September, with Muhammad Yunus, Dina Yunus, President Trump, and First Lady Melania Trump.jpg
Reception hosted by U.S. President Donald...

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