Mobile phone

A mobile phone is a small phone.

You can carry it with you. It lets you talk to friends while you move. It can also send notes.

Some phones are very smart. They can take photos and play games.

They can even use the internet. Long ago, the first handheld phone was very heavy. It weighed about two kilograms. Today, many people in the world own one. Do you have a phone?

A mobile phone is a portable wireless telephone.

Unlike landline phones, you can use them while moving. They use radio waves to connect to a service area. Most people call them cell phones. This is because they use a cellular network. A cellular network uses many small areas called cells. This way, many people can talk at once.

Early mobile phones were very big. In 1973, Martin Cooper made the first handheld call.

That first phone weighed about 2 kilograms. By 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first handheld phone you could buy.

Today, we have two main types of phones. Feature phones do basic tasks like calling and texting. Smartphones are much more advanced. They have high computing power. You can use them to browse the internet, play games, or take photos.

Mobile technology has moved through many stages. We call these generations. 2G introduced digital signals and text messages. 3G allowed for video calls. 4G made internet speeds much faster. Now, 5G is being used around the world. It can reach very high speeds.

A mobile phone is a portable wireless telephone.

It lets you make calls while you are moving. This is different from a landline phone that stays in one place. Mobile phones connect to a service area using radio frequencies. This connection links to a switching system. This system gives you access to the public telephone network. Most people in North America call them cell phones. This name comes from the cellular network they use.

Modern mobile networks work using a special design. They use many small areas called cells. This is called a cellular network architecture. In older systems, a few big stations covered huge areas. Once all the channels were busy, no one else could call. Cellular networks solve this by reusing radio frequencies. They only reuse frequencies in cells that are not next to each other. This prevents interference between calls. It allows thousands of people to talk at the same time.

History shows how much these devices have changed. Martin Cooper of Motorola demonstrated the first handheld phone in New York City. This happened on 3 April 1973. That first handset weighed about 2 kilograms. In 1979, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone launched the first cellular network in Japan. The DynaTAC 8000x became the first handheld phone you could buy in 1983.

Since then, technology has moved through many generations. These are called 0G, 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G.

Each generation brought new abilities to our pockets. The 2G digital era introduced text messaging, or SMS. It also brought mobile internet speeds of 384 kbit/s. Later, 3G allowed for video calls and mobile broadband. The 4G era made internet speeds much faster for streaming. Now, 5G is being used around the world. 5G can reach speeds in the gigabit-per-second range.

This speed helps with online gaming and self-driving cars.

Today, we see two main types of devices. Feature phones provide basic calling and texting. They are sometimes called dumbphones. Smartphones are much more advanced. They have high computing power for many tasks. You can use them for photography, gaming, and internet access.

They can even help with business payments using QR codes. Mobile phone subscriptions grew to over 9.1 billion by 2024. This is enough to give one to every person on Earth.

A mobile phone is a portable wireless telephone. It allows users to communicate while moving through a designated service area. Unlike fixed-location landline phones, mobile devices use a radio frequency link. This link connects to the switching systems of a mobile operator. This connection provides access to the public switched telephone network (PSTN).

In North America, people often call these "cell phones." This name refers to the cellular network architecture that powers the device.

Modern mobile telephony relies on a clever system called frequency reuse. In older systems, a few powerful base stations covered very large areas. These systems used only a few sets of radio channels. Once those channels were full, no more calls could be made.

Cellular networks solve this by dividing a service area into many small cells. Each cell uses specific radio frequencies. The network can reuse those same frequencies in cells that are not next to each other. This prevents interference between calls. It allows thousands of subscribers to talk at once within one geographic area.

Mobile technology has evolved through several distinct generations. The earliest systems were called zeroth-generation (0G) services. These were not cellular and could only support a few simultaneous calls. They were also very expensive. The first commercial automated cellular network was 1G, which was analog. This launched in Japan in 1979 by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT).

In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x became the first commercially available handheld mobile phone.

The second generation (2G) moved from analog to digital technology. This began in 1991 with the GSM standard in Finland. The GSM standard was a massive European initiative. Its first version actually contained 6,000 pages of technical details. 2G introduced data services like SMS text messaging. It also allowed for Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS). The theoretical maximum transfer speed for 2G was 384 kbit/s.

By 2018, GSM was used by over 5 billion people in 220 countries.

Third-generation (3G) networks launched in Japan in 2001. These networks used the WCDMA standard. 3G provided mobile broadband access with speeds of several Mbit/s. This allowed for video calls, large emails, and standard-definition video streaming. As people began using more bandwidth, the industry developed 4G. 4G is a data-optimized technology. The first public LTE service launched in Scandinavia in 2009.

4G supports high-speed tasks like music and television streaming.

Today, we use fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks. 5G uses the 5G NR (New Radio) standard. It can reach download speeds in the gigabit-per-second (Gbit/s) range. It also aims for very low network latency of 1 ms. This near-real-time response is vital for new technologies. These include online gaming, autonomous vehicles, and augmented reality.

5G also supports the Internet of Things (IoT), where many devices connect to the web.

We generally categorize devices into two main types. Feature phones offer basic capabilities like voice calling and text messaging. They use custom-designed software and are sometimes called "dumbphones." Smartphones are much more advanced. They have high computing power and use mobile operating systems.

Smartphones allow for digital photography, video recording, and gaming. They also support business tools like QR code scanning and near-field communication (NFC).

The impact of this technology is massive. Worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew to over 9.1 billion by 2024. This is enough to provide a phone to every person on Earth. In the UK, mobile phones overtook the number of houses in 1999. In nearly half of the world's countries, over 90% of the population owns at least one mobile phone. They have become one of the most widely used pieces of consumer technology in history.