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Mikhail Lermontov

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Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was a preeminent Russian Romantic writer, poet, and painter.

Lermontov by FOBudkin 1834
Lermontov by FOBudkin 1834

He is often recognized as the most significant Russian poet following the death of Alexander Pushkin in 1837. Lermontov served as a central figure in the Russian Romanticism movement. This artistic style emphasized intense emotion and the sublime power of nature. Beyond his verse, his prose established the foundation for the Russian psychological novel. This literary form focuses on the internal thoughts and complex motivations of characters.

Lermontov-Autoportrait
Lermontov-Autoportrait

His lasting influence continues to shape Russian literature in the modern era.

Lermontov's early life was defined by a complex family structure and significant health challenges.

Mikhail Lermontov, 1820-22
Mikhail Lermontov, 1820-22

He was born in Moscow in 1814 to Yuri Petrovich Lermontov and Maria Mikhaylovna Arsenyeva. His mother died of tuberculosis in 1817 when Mikhail was only three years old.

Following her death, a bitter legal and emotional feud erupted between his father and his grandmother, Elizaveta Arsenyeva. The grandmother won the right to raise him in the village of Tarkhany. This strict upbringing and the family conflict contributed to his development as a lonely, introspective individual. He also suffered from physical ailments, including scrofula and rickets, which caused bow-leggedness.

To manage his fragile health, Lermontov received an extensive and luxurious home education.

His grandmother provided him with many private tutors from various nations. He studied under a German pedagogue named Levy and an English teacher named Mr. Windson. He also learned from Alexander Zinoviev, a specialist in Russian literature. These educators helped him become fluent in French and German and proficient in Greek and Latin. Lermontov also became a gifted painter and learned to play several musical instruments. This diverse education prepared him for his later academic success in Moscow.

Frequent travels to the Caucasus mountains played a transformative role in his artistic development.

Lerm Dagestan
Lerm Dagestan

Because of his health, his grandmother took him to the Caucasus in 1819, 1820, and 1825. The dramatic landscapes and stirring beauty of the region left a permanent impression on him. He later described the Caucasian mountains as "sacred." This environment provided the primary inspiration for much of his poetry and prose. He became known as "the poet of the Caucasus" due to this deep connection. The region served as a rich source of material for his most famous works.

Lermontov's literary reputation grew rapidly during his time as a student and soldier.

In 1829, he joined the Moscow University boarding school, where he excelled academically. He began writing notable poems that showed the influence of Alexander Pushkin and Lord Byron.

Прошение М. Ю. Лермонтова в правление Московского университета
Прошение М. Ю. Лермонтова в правление Московского университета

After leaving university, he enrolled in the School of Cavalry Junkers and joined the Life-Guard Hussar regiment. His career reached a turning point in 1837 with the publication of "Death of the Poet." This poem reacted to the death of Pushkin and gained Lermontov immediate fame. However, its controversial content led to his first exile to the Caucasus.

During his periods of exile, Lermontov produced his most enduring literary achievements.

Lermontov TiflisGLM
Lermontov TiflisGLM

He wrote the celebrated prose work *A Hero of Our Time*, which utilized his observations of society and nature. His poetry continued to flourish, including works like the original version of "The Demon." Lermontov was known for a sharp, satirical wit that could be quite biting.

Lermontov Mikhail Urievich Deathbed portrait
Lermontov Mikhail Urievich Deathbed portrait

While this talent earned him literary respect, it also created many enemies in high society. His rebellious nature and tendency toward social friction often led to conflict with authorities and peers.

Lermontov's life ended abruptly due to the social customs of the Russian military officer class.

Место дуэли Лермонтова
Место дуэли Лермонтова

In 1841, he participated in a duel with a fellow officer named Nikolai Martynov. This fatal encounter took place in Pyatigorsk and resulted in Lermontov's death. His passing was viewed as the loss of one of Russia's most promising talents.

Lermontov's tombstone
Lermontov's tombstone

Even though his life was short, his contributions to Romanticism and the psychological novel remain vital. He successfully bridged the gap between the era of Pushkin and the future of Russian prose.

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🖼️ Images & Media (22)
File:М.М. Лермонтова, мать М.Ю. Лермонтова.jpg
М.М. Лермонтова, мать М.Ю. Лермонтова.jpg
File:Ю.П. Лермонтов, отец М.Ю. Лермонтова.jpg
Ю.П. Лермонтов, отец М.Ю. Лермонтова.jpg
File:Арсеньева Е. А., бабушка М.Ю. Лермонтова.jpg
Арсеньева Е. А., бабушка М.Ю. Лермонтова.jpg
File:Mikhail Lermontov, 1820-22.jpg
Mikhail Lermontov, 1820-22.jpg
File:Прошение М. Ю. Лермонтова в правление Московского университета.jpg
Прошение М. Ю. Лермонтова в правление...
File:Lermontov by FOBudkin 1834.jpg
Lermontov by FOBudkin 1834.jpg
File:Lermontov-Autoportrait.jpg
Lermontov-Autoportrait.jpg
File:Lermontov TiflisGLM.jpg
Lermontov TiflisGLM.jpg
File:Lerm Dagestan.jpg
Lerm Dagestan.jpg
File:Домик М.Ю. Лермонтова (г.Пятигорск).jpg
Домик М.Ю. Лермонтова (г.Пятигорск).jpg
File:Mikhail Lermontov, 1838.jpg
Mikhail Lermontov, 1838.jpg
File:E.Musina-Pushkina by V.Gau (1840, GRM).jpg
E.Musina-Pushkina by V.Gau (1840, GRM).jpg

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