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Michael Collins (astronaut)

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Michael Collins was a distinguished American astronaut and a highly skilled military pilot.

Apollo 11
Apollo 11

He is best known for his role in the Apollo 11 mission, where he orbited the Moon in the command module Columbia. While his crewmates, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, landed on the lunar surface, Collins remained in space to ensure their safe return. His career spanned several vital roles in aviation and space exploration. He served as a test pilot and a major general in the U.S. Air Force Reserve.

Michael Collins in an Apollo command module simulator
Michael Collins in an Apollo command module simulator

His life was defined by a deep commitment to flight and scientific discovery.

Collins was born on October 31, 1930, in Rome, Italy. His father, James Lawton Collins, was a U.S. Army officer serving as a military attaché. Because of his father's career, Collins moved frequently during his first 17 years. He lived in many locations, including Oklahoma, Puerto Rico, and Texas.

Targa ricordo Michael Collins
Targa ricordo Michael Collins

He eventually moved to Washington, D.C., where he attended St. Albans School. Following a family tradition of military service, he attended the United States Military Academy at West Point. He graduated in 1952 with a Bachelor of Science degree in military science. His class was quite large, containing 527 cadets, and included future astronaut Ed White.

After graduating, Collins joined the United States Air Force to pursue a career in aeronautics. He underwent extensive flight training, starting with the T-6 Texan in Mississippi. He eventually mastered jet aircraft, including the F-86 Sabre. This training was often dangerous; during one period at Nellis Air Force Base, eleven people died in accidents. Collins became a test pilot, which is a pilot who flies experimental aircraft to evaluate their performance.

ARPS Class III
ARPS Class III

He attended the Aerospace Research Pilot School, where he learned to handle high-performance jets like the F-104 Starfighter. He also gained experience with the B-52 Stratofortress. By the time he applied to NASA, he had accumulated over 3,000 flying hours.

In 1963, NASA selected Collins as part of its third group of 14 astronauts. This group was unique because the members were younger and more highly educated than previous groups. The average age for this group was 31 years old. On average, these astronauts had 5.6 years of tertiary education, which refers to university-level learning.

S66-42777
S66-42777

Collins' training included 240 hours of spaceflight basics. This curriculum included 58 hours of geology, the study of rocks and Earth's physical structure. Although he found geology difficult to grasp, it was a required part of his preparation for planetary exploration.

Collins flew in space twice during his career. His first mission was Gemini 10 in 1966, where he served alongside Command Pilot John Young.

Gemini 10 prime crew (Young and Collins)
Gemini 10 prime crew (Young and Collins)

During this mission, they performed an orbital rendezvous, which is the process of two spacecraft meeting in orbit. Collins also performed two extravehicular activities, commonly known as spacewalks. This made him the first person to perform more than one spacewalk. His work on Gemini 10 helped prove that astronauts could maneuver effectively outside of a spacecraft.

His most famous achievement occurred during the Apollo 11 mission in 1969.

Apollo 11 insignia
Apollo 11 insignia

Collins was one of only 24 people to ever fly to the Moon. He served as the pilot of the command module, Columbia. While the lunar module descended to the surface, Collins orbited the Moon thirty times. This role made him the second person to orbit the Moon alone. He also became the fourth person in history to perform a spacewalk. His precise piloting was essential for the mission's success and the crew's eventual return to Earth.

After retiring from NASA in 1970, Collins transitioned into several leadership roles in public service. He worked for the Department of State as the Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs. He also served as the director of the National Air and Space Museum from 1971 to 1978.

National Air and Space Museum Entrance
National Air and Space Museum Entrance

Later, he held a position as undersecretary of the Smithsonian Institution and worked in the private sector at LTV Aerospace. In 1985, he established his own consulting firm. For his monumental contributions to science and exploration, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969 and the Congressional Gold Medal in 2011.

Michael Collins at Congressional Gold Medal Ceremony
Michael Collins at Congressional Gold Medal Ceremony
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🖼️ Images & Media (17)
File:Gemini 10 Insignia.svg
Gemini 10 Insignia.svg
File:Apollo 11 insignia.png
Apollo 11 insignia.png
File:Targa ricordo Michael Collins.jpg
Targa ricordo Michael Collins.jpg
File:ARPS Class III.jpg
ARPS Class III.jpg
File:Gemini 10 prime crew (Young and Collins).jpg
Gemini 10 prime crew (Young and Collins).jpg
File:S66-42777.jpg
S66-42777.jpg
File:S66-46122.jpg
S66-46122.jpg
File:Apollo 503 Crew.jpg
Apollo 503 Crew.jpg
File:Apollo 11.jpg
Apollo 11.jpg
File:Michael Collins in an Apollo command module simulator.jpg
Michael Collins in an Apollo command...
File:Michael Collins hatch Columbia.jpg
Michael Collins hatch Columbia.jpg
File:MichaelCollinsByPhilKonstantin.jpg
MichaelCollinsByPhilKonstantin.jpg

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