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Merlangius

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The whiting, known scientifically as Merlangius merlangus, is a significant marine fish. It is a major food source in several large bodies of water. These include the eastern North Atlantic Ocean and the northern Mediterranean Sea. You can also find them in the western Baltic and the Black Sea. In many English-speaking countries, the name "whiting" is used for other fish species too. However, Merlangius merlangus is a specific type of fish within the Gadidae family.

This fish has a very specific physical structure. Its body is long, while its head remains quite small. It features three dorsal fins located on its back. These dorsal fins contain a total of 30 to 40 soft rays. On its underside, the fish has two anal fins. These anal fins possess between 30 and 35 soft rays. A very small chin barbel may sometimes be present on the head. A notable marking is a black blotch near the base of each pectoral fin.

The coloring of a whiting can vary depending on the environment. The main body color might be yellowish-brown, greenish, or even dark blue. The sides, or flanks, are often yellowish-grey or white. The belly of the fish is typically silvery in appearance. These colors help the fish blend into its surroundings. Because of these traits, the fish is well-suited to its various habitats.

Whiting live in a wide range of locations across Europe. Their native range starts from Iceland and the southeastern Barents Sea. They extend down through Scandinavia and the North Sea to Portugal. They are also found in the Aegean and Adriatic Seas. These fish prefer to live on seabeds made of sand, mud, or gravel. They can be found at depths reaching about 100 meters. In 2014, they were classified as vulnerable in the Baltic Sea.

Humans have used this fish for many different purposes over time. Until the late 20th century, whiting was considered a very cheap food. It was often eaten by the poor or used to feed pets. Today, how the fish is caught matters for its quality. Industrial trawling and gutting can damage the delicate flesh. This process can also cause the fish to lose the sheen of its scales. Angling outside of the spawning season is a better way to preserve these features.

There are many interesting cultural connections to the whiting. In France, a traditional dish is called "merlan en colère." This translates to "angry whiting." In this dish, the fried fish is served with its tail in its mouth. The fish is often served on a bed of fried parsley. There is also a historical link to French wigmakers. They were sometimes called "merlan" because of a specific reason. The way flour was used on whiting looked like the powder used on wigs.

Biological life also includes the parasites that affect the whiting. Many species in the Gadidae family deal with these tiny organisms. One specific example is the cod worm, known as Lernaeocera branchialis. This is a type of copepod, which is a small crustacean. The parasite clings directly to the gills of the fish. It then undergoes a metamorphosis into a wormlike body. This body becomes plump and sinusoidal in shape. At the rear, the parasite grows a coiled mass of egg strings.

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