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Melilla

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Melilla is an autonomous city belonging to Spain. It is located on the North African coast.

Melilla2022OSM
Melilla2022OSM

The city sits on the eastern side of the Cape Three Forks. It borders Morocco and faces the Mediterranean Sea.

(Cabo Tres Forcas) ISS-36 Strait of Gibraltar (cropped)
(Cabo Tres Forcas) ISS-36 Strait of Gibraltar (cropped)

Melilla is one of the special territories within the European Union. Because of this status, specific rules govern movement between Melilla and the rest of the EU. These rules are part of the Accession Agreement of Spain to the Schengen Convention.

The name Melilla has several possible origins. One theory is that it comes from an Arabic word. Another possibility is that it stems from a local Berber language. It may come from the Amazigh root M·L·L, which means "white."

Melilla2022OSM
Melilla2022OSM

This would make its name similar to Beni Mellal in the Atlas Mountains. In antiquity, the city was a famous site for beekeeping. This history is shown on ancient bronze coins from the Mauretanian period. These coins prominently feature a bee.

Melilla has a long and complex history of different rulers. It began as a Phoenician and Punic trade establishment called Rusadir.

Plano de la Plaza de Melilla como está en principio de febrero de 1699
Plano de la Plaza de Melilla como está en principio de febrero de 1699

After the Punic Wars, the Roman client state Mauretania took control. The Emperor Claudius later organized it as part of the province of Mauretania Tingitana. The city was eventually made a Roman colony in 41 AD. Over the centuries, the Vandals, Byzantines, and Visigoths all ruled the area. After the Islamic conquest, many different groups held power, including the Umayyads and Almohads.

Spain occupied Melilla on 17 September 1497. This conquest happened almost without violence. At that time, the city sat between the Kingdom of Tlemcen and the Kingdom of Fez. Because of frequent fighting, the city had been left abandoned.

Plano de la Plaza de Melilla como está en principio de febrero de 1699
Plano de la Plaza de Melilla como está en principio de febrero de 1699

Initially, the city was managed jointly by the Spanish Crown and the House of Medina Sidonia. A 1498 settlement required the House of Medina Sidonia to station a 700-man garrison there. The Crown was also responsible for providing wheat and money to the city.

In the late 19th century, Melilla became a major center for trade on the Rif coast. The city was declared a free port in 1863. This status caused the population to grow quickly. Many Sephardic Jews moved from Tetouan to Melilla to escape persecution.

They helped grow the economy through trade. By 1893, the Jewish population had reached 572 people. Other groups, such as Berber populations, also moved to the city for economic opportunities.

Architecture in Melilla is very distinctive. Between 1909 and 1945, the Modernista style became very popular. This is also known as Art Nouveau.

Casa Melul
Casa Melul

The work of architect Enrique Nieto helped make the streets look like a museum.

Centro de Melilla, Parque Hernández, Plaza de España, Barrio Héroes de España y Mantelete
Centro de Melilla, Parque Hernández, Plaza de España, Barrio Héroes de España y Mantelete

This style is similar to what you might see in Barcelona. The city also features grand areas like the Plaza de España.

Centro de Melilla, Parque Hernández, Plaza de España, Barrio Héroes de España y Mantelete
Centro de Melilla, Parque Hernández, Plaza de España, Barrio Héroes de España y Mantelete

Today, Melilla is a diverse and modern city. As of 2025, the population is 87,067 people.

Melilla population pyramid
Melilla population pyramid

Most residents are of Iberian or Riffian extraction. The city experiences diglossia, which means two languages are used. Spanish is the official language, but many people also speak Tarifit. Melilla became an autonomous city on 14 March 1995. Before this, it was part of the province of Málaga.

Ayuntamiento de Melilla
Ayuntamiento de Melilla
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🖼️ Images & Media (14)
File:Plano de la Plaza de Melilla como está en principio de febrero de 1699.jpg
Plano de la Plaza de Melilla como está en...
File:1909-09-15, Actualidades, En el barrio judío de Melilla, Tipo de mujer judía en el interior de su domicilio, Alba (cropped).jpg
1909-09-15, Actualidades, En el barrio...
File:Casa Melul.jpg
Casa Melul.jpg
File:Centro de Melilla, Parque Hernández, Plaza de España, Barrio Héroes de España y Mantelete.jpg
Centro de Melilla, Parque Hernández,...
File:Estatua de Franco en Melilla.jpg
Estatua de Franco en Melilla.jpg
File:Melilla2022OSM.png
Melilla2022OSM.png
File:(Cabo Tres Forcas) ISS-36 Strait of Gibraltar (cropped).jpg
(Cabo Tres Forcas) ISS-36 Strait of...
File:Ayuntamiento de Melilla.jpg
Ayuntamiento de Melilla.jpg
File:Planta desaladora de Melilla.jpg
Planta desaladora de Melilla.jpg
File:Melilla population pyramid.svg
Melilla population pyramid.svg
File:Semana Santa en Melilla 2008 (2).jpg
Semana Santa en Melilla 2008 (2).jpg
File:Verjamelilla.jpg
Verjamelilla.jpg

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