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Maryse Condé

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Maryse Condé was a distinguished French novelist, critic, and playwright. She was born on February 11, 1934, in Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe. Her writing explored the African diaspora, which refers to people of African descent living in places like the Caribbean. Condé used her stories to examine complex issues regarding race, gender, and culture. She often wrote about the lasting effects of colonialism and slavery. Her work was deeply political, as she believed writing should hold significant social meaning.

Condé's early life was shaped by her family's dedication to education. Her parents were among the first Black instructors in Guadeloupe. Her mother, Jeanne Quidal, directed a school for girls. Her father, Auguste Boucolon, founded a small bank. Condé was the youngest of eight children. She described herself as a "spoiled child" due to the large age gap with her siblings. She showed an early talent for storytelling. Before age twelve, she wrote a one-act play as a birthday gift for her mother.

Her academic journey led her from the Caribbean to Europe. After high school, she attended Lycée Fénelon in France. She later studied at the Université de Paris III, also known as Sorbonne Nouvelle. While in Paris, she helped establish the Luis-Carlos Prestes club for West Indians. Condé earned both an M.A. and a Ph.D. in comparative literature. Her doctoral research focused on examining Black stereotypes within Caribbean literature. This academic foundation prepared her for a global career in teaching and writing.

Condé's life involved significant travel and political awakening. In 1958, she married the Guinean actor Mamadou Condé. Between 1960 and 1972, she lived and taught in Guinea, Ghana, and Senegal. During her time in West Africa, she met influential figures like Malcolm X and Maya Angelou. These years were formative and sometimes difficult. In Ghana, she edited a collection of Francophone African literature. However, she was eventually deported from Ghana following accusations of subversive activity.

Her literary career reached new heights through several key novels. Although she published *Hérémakhonon* in 1976, she did not reach international prominence until 1984. That year, she published *Ségou*, a novel about the 19th-century Bambara Empire in Mali. This success led to a Fulbright scholarship at Occidental College in Los Angeles. Her third novel, *Tree of Life*, explored the construction of the Panama Canal. She also wrote *I, Tituba: Black Witch of Salem*, which looked at the Salem witch trials.

Condé received numerous prestigious awards for her storytelling. In 1986, she won the Grand Prix Littéraire de la Femme. In 2018, she was awarded the New Academy Prize in Literature. This prize was created as an alternative to the Nobel Prize in Literature. The jury praised her as a "grand storyteller" who described the ravages of colonialism. In 2023, at age 86, she became the oldest writer ever longlisted for the International Booker Prize.

In her later years, Condé faced physical challenges with grace. She developed a degenerative neurological disorder that affected her sight and speech. Despite this, she continued to create art with her husband, Richard Philcox. He served as her translator and helped her by transcribing her dictation. Together, they became the first husband-and-wife team to be longlisted and shortlisted for the International Booker Prize. This partnership allowed her to complete her final works, including *The Gospel According to the New World*.

Condé's legacy is preserved through her diverse body of work and academic influence. She held professorships at many major institutions, including Columbia University. At Columbia, she served as a professor of French and Francophone literature. She eventually became professor emerita. Her literary archives are held at the Columbia University Libraries. Her life was also honored by the inauguration of Collège Maryse-Condé in La Désirade. She passed away on April 2, 2024, in France, at the age of 90.

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