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Mary Rowlandson

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Mary Rowlandson was a colonial American woman whose life became a landmark in early literature.

Mary Rowlandson - Lancaster, MA - field 1
Mary Rowlandson - Lancaster, MA - field 1

Born Mary White in Somerset, England, around 1637, she later moved to the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her life changed drastically during King Philip's War, a major conflict between colonists and various Native American groups.

The King Philip War
The King Philip War

In 1676, she was captured and held for eleven weeks. Her experiences were later recorded in a book that became one of the first American bestsellers. This work is now studied as a primary example of the captivity narrative genre.

A captivity narrative is a specific type of literature. It tells the story of an individual taken prisoner by another group. These stories often focus on the hardships of being held in a foreign land. Rowlandson's account, titled "The Sovereignty and Goodness of God," follows a specific sequence of events. It moves from the moment of capture to the period of wandering and finally to the restoration of freedom. This structure helped define how such stories would be written for many years to come.

The mechanics of her captivity involved constant movement through the wilderness. In February 1676, Narragansett, Wampanoag, and Nashaway-Nipmuc groups led by Monoco attacked Lancaster, Massachusetts.

Mary Rowlandson - Lancaster, MA - marker
Mary Rowlandson - Lancaster, MA - marker

During this raid, Mary and three of her children—Joseph, Mary, and Sarah—were taken. For eleven weeks, the group traveled through the woods to avoid the English militia. They moved frequently to carry out other raids or to stay hidden. This forced movement was a central part of their survival and their journey.

Rowlandson's ordeal included several distinct and difficult stages. The first stage was the initial capture and the loss of family members. Her six-year-old daughter, Sarah, died from wounds during the journey near modern-day Hardwick, Massachusetts.

The second stage involved the separation of family members. Mary and her two surviving children were kept apart and even sold as property. The final stage was the ransom process, which led to her release.

The process of her release involved specific people and a set amount of money. On May 2, 1676, the women of Boston raised £20 through a public subscription.

RedemptionRock001
RedemptionRock001

This ransom was paid by John Hoar of Concord. The exchange took place at Redemption Rock in Princeton, Massachusetts. This specific location remains a historical site today. After her release, Mary moved to Wethersfield, Connecticut, where her husband served as a pastor. He died in 1678, and Mary eventually received a pension of £30 per year from church officials.

Rowlandson's book was highly significant for its time and place. Published in 1682 in both Cambridge and London, it went through four printings in its first year.

Rowlandson2
Rowlandson2

It gained massive readership in both the New England colonies and England. Scholars believe the text may have been influenced by Increase Mather, a prominent minister. Some researchers suggest Mather may have even written the preface. The book's popularity helped establish the captivity narrative as a recognized literary form in the English-speaking world.

Her writing provides deep insight into the Puritan mindset of the 17th century. She used Biblical typology, which is the practice of using Bible stories to explain current events. She frequently used scripture to make sense of her suffering and to find strength. For example, she turned to Psalm 55:22 when she did not know if her children were alive.

Her narrative also shows the sharp divisions between "good" and "evil" that characterized Puritan thought. This connection to religious philosophy makes her work more than just a personal diary.

Today, historians use Rowlandson's narrative to study intercultural contact. It offers a view of how colonists and Native Americans interacted during times of intense conflict. While she expressed fear toward her captors, she noted they did not mistreat her sexually. Her words allow researchers to examine the complex social and religious systems of early America. Through her story, we see the intersection of personal trauma, religious faith, and the birth of American literature.

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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Mary Rowlandson - Lancaster, MA - field 1.jpg
Mary Rowlandson - Lancaster, MA - field 1.jpg
File:The King Philip War.jpg
The King Philip War.jpg
File:Mary Rowlandson - Lancaster, MA - marker.jpg
Mary Rowlandson - Lancaster, MA - marker.jpg
File:Our greater country; being a standard history of the United States from the discovery of the American continent to the present time (1901) (14784821265).jpg
Our greater country; being a standard...
File:Rowlandson2.jpg
Rowlandson2.jpg
File:RedemptionRock001.JPG
RedemptionRock001.JPG
File:Narratives of the Indian wars, 1675-1699 (1913) (14782307884).jpg
Narratives of the Indian wars, 1675-1699...
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