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Mary Lou Williams

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Mary Lou Williams was a foundational American jazz pianist, composer, and arranger. She shaped the sound of jazz through hundreds of original compositions and over one hundred recordings.

Mary Lou Williams ©Lynn Gilbert
Mary Lou Williams ©Lynn Gilbert

Williams viewed music as a spiritual tool to connect with others. She described herself as a "soul" player. This meant she used melody, the blues, and gospel rhythms to reach the human spirit. Her technical skill and deep understanding of rhythm made her a vital figure in the evolution of jazz.

Williams' musical journey began with extraordinary talent in her earliest years. Born in Atlanta, Georgia, she grew up in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She was a child prodigy who could identify simple tunes at age two. Her mother began formal piano instruction when Mary Lou was three. By age six, she performed at parties to help support her large family. In Pittsburgh, her local reputation earned her the nickname "The Little Piano Girl." She began traveling the Orpheum Circuit of theaters at age twelve. By age fifteen, she was a professional musician inspired by Lovie Austin.

Her professional career involved intense collaboration and leadership. In 1929, at age nineteen, she assumed leadership of a band in Memphis, Tennessee. When her husband joined Andy Kirk's Twelve Clouds of Joy, she moved to Oklahoma City. In Tulsa, she worked for an undertaker when she was not playing music. Later, in Kansas City, she became the arranger and composer for the Twelve Clouds of Joy. She wrote successful songs like "Froggy Bottom" and "Roll 'Em." Her recordings in Chicago and New York City brought her national prominence. She eventually worked as a freelance arranger for stars like Benny Goodman and Earl Hines.

Williams was a central figure in the development of bebop. In New York City, she hosted "Mary Lou Williams's Piano Workshop" on WNEW radio. She also worked at the Café Society Downtown. Her apartment became a famous meeting place for younger musicians. Legends like Thelonious Monk and Dizzy Gillespie visited her to swap musical ideas. In 1945, she composed the bebop hit "In the Land of Oo-Bla-Dee" for Gillespie. That same year, she composed the "Zodiac Suite." This work used classical influences and was dedicated to various musical colleagues.

In 1954, Williams experienced a major life transformation. She converted to Catholicism, which led to a three-year hiatus from performing. During this time, she focused on philanthropy and helping others. She used her savings to start the Bel Canto Foundation. This project turned her apartment into a halfway house for the poor and for musicians struggling with addiction. She also operated a thrift store in Harlem to fund these efforts. After the death of her student Charlie Parker in 1955, she eventually returned to music. Priests and friends encouraged her to use her musical gifts for the Church.

Her return to the stage marked a new era of sacred jazz. She became the first jazz composer commissioned by the church to write liturgical music. This music was written in the jazz idiom, which blends jazz styles with religious service music. One of her most acclaimed works is "Mary Lou's Mass."

Teagarden, Mary Lou Williams, Tadd Dameron, Hank Jones, Dizzy Gillespie (Gottlieb)
Teagarden, Mary Lou Williams, Tadd Dameron, Hank Jones, Dizzy Gillespie (Gottlieb)

In 1971, the Alvin Ailey Dance Theater performed a version of this work. She also wrote "Black Christ of the Andes" and "The Pittsburgh Mass." Her ability to blend sacred themes with jazz rhythms was unique.

In her final years, Williams became a dedicated educator and performer. From 1977 to 1981, she served as an artist-in-residence at Duke University. There, she taught the history of jazz and directed the Duke Jazz Ensemble. She performed at many prestigious venues, including the White House for President Jimmy Carter in 1978. She also participated in Benny Goodman's 40th-anniversary concert at Carnegie Hall. Williams continued to record until her final years. Her last recording was a 1978 medley of spirituals, ragtime, and swing. She passed away from bladder cancer in 1981 in Durham, North Carolina.

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File:Mary Lou Williams ©Lynn Gilbert.jpg
Mary Lou Williams ©Lynn Gilbert.jpg
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