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Manuel Baquedano

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Manuel Jesús Baquedano González was a prominent Chilean soldier and politician. He lived from January 1, 1823, to September 30, 1897. Baquedano is most famous for serving as the Commander-in-chief of the Chilean Army. He also served as a Senator for both Santiago and Colchagua. For a very brief period, he even held the office of President of Chile. His life was defined by military leadership and significant political shifts.

Baquedano's military career began during a time of great regional conflict. He was born in Santiago to a cavalry colonel named Fernando Baquedano. While still a student at the Instituto Nacional, he joined the War of the Confederation. In July 1838, at only 15 years old, he left home to join the troops. He fought in the Battle of Yungay in 1839. During this battle, he was promoted to Lieutenant at the age of 16.

General Baquedano - Ejército de Chile
General Baquedano - Ejército de Chile

As he grew older, Baquedano participated in several internal conflicts within Chile. During the Revolution of 1851, he fought for the government forces. He served as an adjutant to General Manuel Bulnes at the Battle of Loncomilla. This battle was unique because he faced his own father and brother on the opposing side. After the conflict, he was promoted to sergeant-major of the government bodyguard. These experiences helped him rise through the ranks to become a Captain in 1850.

There was a period when Baquedano left the military to focus on private life. In 1854, he resigned from his post as a military commandant in Angol. He used his personal savings to purchase the Santa Teresa hacienda. This estate was located at La Laja, near the city of Los Angeles. He spent several years turning this land into a productive agricultural property. Within five years, his hard work had earned him a small fortune.

ManuelBaquedano2
ManuelBaquedano2

Baquedano returned to active service in 1859 to help suppress a revolution. He later participated in the Occupation of Araucanía starting in 1868. Under the orders of General Jose Manuel Pinto, he fought in Malleco and Renaico. His success in these campaigns led to steady promotions. He became a brigadier-general in 1876. During this time, he also served as the acting inspector-general of the National Guard.

MonumentoBaquedano
MonumentoBaquedano

His most significant military achievement occurred during the War of the Pacific. This war began in April 1879 against Peru and Bolivia. In November 1879, Baquedano led a troop disembarkation at Pisagua. This event is recognized as the first amphibious disembarkation in history. Later, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Army. He led his troops through the battles of Chorrillos and Miraflores in January 1881. His leadership resulted in the occupation of the Peruvian capital, Lima.

Despite his victories, Baquedano was known for a very strict and difficult personality. He was a disciplined leader who did not tolerate arguments once a decision was made. Some historians, such as Francisco Encina, noted that he had a "poverty of ideas" regarding complex strategy. He preferred frontal attacks to break enemy lines rather than using complicated tactics. He was also known to be very stubborn. For example, he once had a reporter arrested for criticizing his tactics in a newspaper.

In his later years, Baquedano focused on improving the structure of the Chilean military. He served as a Senator for many years between 1882 and 1894. He helped establish the Military Academy and the General Staff. During the Chilean Civil War of 1891, he briefly held power after the defeat of President Balmaceda. He managed the transition of power to Navy captain Jorge Montt in August 1891. Baquedano died in Santiago in 1897 at the age of 74. His legacy remains through many landmarks, including Plaza Baquedano and several Chilean Navy ships.

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File:MonumentoBaquedano.JPG
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