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Lyra

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Lyra is a small but highly significant constellation in the night sky. It is one of the 88 modern constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union. In the 2nd century, the astronomer Ptolemy included it in his list of 48 constellations. Historically, star maps often depicted Lyra as a vulture or an eagle carrying a musical instrument. This led to names like Vultur Cadens or Aquila Cadens, meaning "Falling Vulture" or "Falling Eagle."

Sidney Hall - Urania's Mirror - Lacerta, Cygnus, Lyra, Vulpecula and Anser
Sidney Hall - Urania's Mirror - Lacerta, Cygnus, Lyra, Vulpecula and Anser

The constellation occupies an area of 286.5 square degrees. This makes it the 52nd largest of the 88 modern constellations. It is bordered by several other celestial groups. To the north lies Draco, while Hercules sits to the west. Vulpecula borders it to the south, and Cygnus is to the east.

LyraCC
LyraCC

For observers in the northern hemisphere, Lyra appears prominently during the summer. It is nearly overhead in temperate northern latitudes shortly after midnight at the start of summer. Observers from the equator to the 40th parallel south can see it low in the northern sky during winter months.

Lyra contains several fascinating types of stellar systems. The brightest star is Vega, or Alpha Lyrae. Vega is a main-sequence star of spectral type A0Va. It is only 7.7 parsecs away from Earth. It is the fifth-brightest star in the entire sky. Vega is also a Delta Scuti variable star. This means its brightness varies between magnitudes −0.02 and 0.07 over 0.2 days. Vega is a vital part of the Summer Triangle asterism, alongside Altair and Deneb.

Lyra 2019-12-31
Lyra 2019-12-31

Other stars in Lyra demonstrate complex physics. Beta Lyrae is the prototype for a class called Beta Lyrae variables. These are binary stars that orbit so closely they become egg-shaped. In these systems, material flows from one star to the other. This creates a semidetached system where the secondary star gains mass from the primary. This mass transfer forms a thick accretion disk around the secondary star.

Lyra constellation detail long exposure
Lyra constellation detail long exposure

Epsilon Lyrae is known as the "Double Double." It is a complex multiple star system. While it looks like two stars to the naked eye, it actually contains five stars. Zeta Lyrae is also a wide binary system that can be seen with binoculars.

Lyra is also home to unique objects like the Ring Nebula. This is a well-known planetary nebula and was the second one ever discovered.

Messier 56 HST
Messier 56 HST

The constellation also features pulsating variables like RR Lyrae. These are evolved population II stars of spectral types A and F. They are similar to Cepheid variables but belong to a different class. Other stars, such as R Lyrae, are red giants that show semiregular variability. This variability is complex, with different periods like 46 days and 64 days.

Many different cultures have identified Lyra through various myths and names. In Greek mythology, the constellation represents the lyre of Orpheus. Orpheus was a musician whose music could charm even rocks. One myth says he used his lyre to charm Hades, the god of the Underworld. After Orpheus died, Zeus is said to have placed his lyre in the sky. In Wales, the constellation is known as King Arthur's Harp. The Boorong people of Australia call it the Malleefowl constellation. The Incas called it Urcuchillay and worshipped it as an animal deity.

Scientific study of Lyra has provided many "firsts" for astronomy. Vega was the first star other than the Sun to be photographed. It was also the first star to have a clear spectrum recorded. This allowed scientists to see absorption lines for the first time. Vega was also the first single main-sequence star known to emit X-rays. It is surrounded by a circumstellar debris disk, which is similar to our own Kuiper Belt. Studying these stars helps astronomers understand how stars live, change, and interact with their environments.

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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Sidney Hall - Urania's Mirror - Lacerta, Cygnus, Lyra, Vulpecula and Anser.jpg
Sidney Hall - Urania's Mirror - Lacerta,...
File:LyraCC.jpg
LyraCC.jpg
File:Lyra 2019-12-31.jpg
Lyra 2019-12-31.jpg
File:Lyra constellation detail long exposure.jpg
Lyra constellation detail long exposure.jpg
File:Messier 56 HST.jpg
Messier 56 HST.jpg
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