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Lepas anatifera

life science Maturity 7-9 Next article →

The pelagic gooseneck barnacle is a unique marine crustacean. Its scientific name is Lepas anatifera. It belongs to the biological family Lepadidae. These animals are found in tropical and subtropical seas across the entire world. This is known as a cosmopolitan distribution. Unlike many other barnacles, they do not live on the ocean floor. Instead, they attach themselves to floating objects. They often live in very large numbers on these items.

Iz - Lepas anatifera
Iz - Lepas anatifera

The body of this barnacle has two main parts. The first part is a long, flexible stalk called a peduncle. This stalk is tough and has a purplish-brown color. The second part is the main body, or the capitulum. The capitulum is supported by the peduncle. It consists of five smooth, translucent plates. These plates are edged with a bright scarlet color. They are separated by narrow gaps. The plates also show growth lines and faint radial sculpture lines.

Iz - Lepas anatifera
Iz - Lepas anatifera

Inside the capitulum, the barnacle has a specific internal structure. It contains a head and a thorax. It also has a vestigial abdomen. To eat, the barnacle uses specialized appendages. These are brown, filamentous tentacles called cirri. The cirri project out from between the protective plates. They allow the animal to capture food from the water. The capitulum can grow to a certain length. The peduncle also varies in its size.

Iz - Lepas anatifera
Iz - Lepas anatifera

Reproduction for Lepas anatifera involves several specific biological steps. These barnacles are hermaphrodites. This means they possess both male and female reproductive organs. They begin to breed when they reach about 2.5 centimeters in length. Fertilization happens internally within the animal. After fertilization, the eggs are brooded inside the mantle. This brooding process lasts for one week. Then, the eggs emerge as free-swimming larvae called nauplius. These larvae drift as part of the plankton. Eventually, they settle onto a floating object to begin their lives.

Iz - Lepas anatifera
Iz - Lepas anatifera

These creatures are incredible travelers due to ocean currents. They frequently attach to objects like floating timber or seaweed. They also attach to ship hulls, piers, and pilings. They can even attach to various types of flotsam. Currents like the North Atlantic Drift carry these objects into colder seas. Because of this, they are often found far from their tropical origins. They can be found in waters that are too cold for them to reproduce. This has led to sightings in Norway and the Shetland Islands. They have also been documented in the Faeroe Islands, Iceland, and Spitsbergen.

Iz - Lepas anatifera
Iz - Lepas anatifera

History shows that people once misunderstood these animals. In 13th-century England, the word "barnacle" actually referred to the barnacle goose. This bird breeds in the Arctic but winters in the British Isles. People back then thought these barnacles grew spontaneously from rotting wood. They believed the shells actually contained little birds. This idea came from the brown cirri. The cirri looked like the down of an unhatched gosling. In 1678, a writer even described them as shells containing perfectly shaped little birds. Carl Linnaeus eventually provided the formal scientific description in 1758.

Iz - Lepas anatifera
Iz - Lepas anatifera

Recent discoveries have expanded our knowledge of where they live. For a long time, they were known to grow on sea turtles. However, a new record was made in 2008. Small specimens were found attached to an American crocodile. This happened on the Pacific coast of Mexico. This crocodile species lives in river estuaries and mangrove swamps. It is salt tolerant and can live in marine environments. The size of the barnacles suggested the crocodile was in the sea for at least a week. This was the first time Lepas anatifera was recorded as an epibiont of a crocodilian.

Iz - Lepas anatifera
Iz - Lepas anatifera
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