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Lacerta (genus)

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Lacerta is a biological genus of lizards. These reptiles belong to the family Lacertidae. For a long time, this genus was very diverse. It originally contained approximately 40 different species.

Lacerta viridis - male 01
Lacerta viridis - male 01

Scientists use the term genus to group closely related animals. Understanding how these groups change helps us learn about evolution. The study of Lacerta provides important clues about how lizards have changed over millions of years.

In 2007, researchers changed how we classify these animals. Scientists Arnold, Arribas, and Carranza conducted a major study. They looked at the systematics of the tribe Lacertini. This tribe includes many lizards from the Palaearctic and Oriental regions.

Lacerta agilis male 2014 G1
Lacerta agilis male 2014 G1

Based on their findings, they split the large Lacerta genus apart. They moved many species into nine different genera. This reorganization makes the scientific classification more accurate. It reflects the actual relationships between these different lizard groups.

We can learn about the history of Lacerta through the fossil record. The earliest known members of this genus appear in the fossil record during the early Miocene epoch.

Eidechse (18293256746)
Eidechse (18293256746)

Specifically, fossils from the Lower Miocene in Central Europe show these early lizards. These fossils are very interesting to scientists. Their anatomy is indistinguishable from modern green lizards like Lacerta viridis. This shows that some lizard forms have remained stable for a very long time.

Other fossils tell stories of different environments. During the ice age in the Mediterranean, some Lacerta species lived in unique conditions. One such fossil species was named Lacerta siculimelitensis. This species was notable because it reached especially large sizes.

Lacerta schreiberi 02 by-dpc
Lacerta schreiberi 02 by-dpc

Comparing these large ancient lizards to modern species helps biologists understand how climate affects animal growth. These fossils act as a timeline for the genus.

Many living species within the Lacerta genus live in specific regions. For example, Lacerta media has a very wide distribution. You can find this species in Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. It is also found in Iran, Turkey, Israel, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon. It even reaches into Russia.

Lacerta media.
Lacerta media.

Other species have much smaller homes. Lacerta citrovittata is found in Greece. Lacerta pamphylica lives specifically in Turkey.

Lacerta trilineata
Lacerta trilineata

Other members of the genus occupy different niches. The sand lizard, known as Lacerta agilis, is one such species.

Lacerta agilis male 2014 G1
Lacerta agilis male 2014 G1

The western green lizard is called Lacerta bilineata. You can see its range on specific distribution maps.

Mapa Lacerta bilineata
Mapa Lacerta bilineata

Another species is the Iberian emerald lizard, or Lacerta schreiberi.

Lacerta schreiberi 02 by-dpc
Lacerta schreiberi 02 by-dpc

Each of these species has adapted to its own local environment and habitat.

Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms. Before the 2007 split, many lizards were grouped under Lacerta that actually belong elsewhere. Some former Lacerta species now belong to genera like Anatololacerta or Iberolacerta. Others belong to groups like Darevskia or Podarcis.

Distribution of Lacerta bilineata and Lacerta viridis
Distribution of Lacerta bilineata and Lacerta viridis

This complex web of names shows how much work goes into biological science. By refining these names, scientists can better study the biodiversity of our planet.

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🖼️ Images & Media (12)
File:Lacerta agilis male 2014 G1.jpg
Lacerta agilis male 2014 G1.jpg
File:LacertaAgilisIUCN.svg
LacertaAgilisIUCN.svg
File:Lacerta bilineata near Entella river 86.jpg
Lacerta bilineata near Entella river 86.jpg
File:Mapa Lacerta bilineata.png
Mapa Lacerta bilineata.png
File:Lacerta media..jpg
Lacerta media..jpg
File:Eidechse (18293256746).jpg
Eidechse (18293256746).jpg
File:Lacerta schreiberi 02 by-dpc.jpg
Lacerta schreiberi 02 by-dpc.jpg
File:Mapa Lacerta schreiberi.png
Mapa Lacerta schreiberi.png
File:Η όμορφη μας (Lacerta trilineata).jpg
Η όμορφη μας (Lacerta trilineata).jpg
File:Lacerta trilineata.png
Lacerta trilineata.png
File:Lacerta viridis - male 01.JPG
Lacerta viridis - male 01.JPG
File:Distribution of Lacerta bilineata and Lacerta viridis.png
Distribution of Lacerta bilineata and...
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