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Krishnadevaraya

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Krishnadevaraya was the emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire from 1509 to 1529. He was the third ruler of the Tuluva dynasty. His reign is considered the political and cultural zenith of the empire. This means his time as king was when the empire was at its strongest. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest rulers in Indian history. Many people in India see him as an iconic figure.

As a military leader, Krishnadevaraya was highly effective and decisive. He personally led many of his military campaigns. He was known for his ability to change battle plans abruptly. This skill allowed him to turn losing battles into unexpected victories. He fought against several powerful groups to expand his territory. These included the Bijapur and Golconda sultanates. He also fought the Bahmani Sultanate and the Gajapatis of Odisha.

His military success involved complex strategies and large numbers of troops. During the Battle of Raichur on May 19, 1520, he secured the Raichur Fort. This was a difficult siege where 16,000 of his soldiers were killed. He utilized massive forces for his wars. Records suggest he used 700,000 foot soldiers and 32,600 cavalry. He also deployed 550 elephants in his campaigns. To assist his conquests, he established friendly relations with the Portuguese in 1510. This allowed him to obtain guns and Arabian horses.

Kannada inscription of Krishnadeva Raya (1513 AD) at the Krishna temple in Hampi
Kannada inscription of Krishnadeva Raya (1513 AD) at the Krishna temple in Hampi

Krishnadevaraya's wars with the Gajapatis of Odisha were particularly significant. In 1512, his army laid siege to the Udayagiri fort for one year. The Gajapati army eventually disintegrated due to starvation. Later, his prime minister, Timmarusu, discovered a secret entrance to the Kondaveedu fort. This allowed for a successful night attack. After defeating the Gajapati king, Prataparudra Deva, the two leaders made peace. Prataparudra surrendered and gave his daughter, Princess Jaganmohini, in marriage to the emperor.

Beyond war, the emperor was a dedicated administrator and patron of the arts. His court became a major cultural hub for many languages. These included Telugu, Sanskrit, Kannada, and Tamil. He was a great supporter of the Ashtadiggajas. These were eight legendary Telugu poets, such as Allasani Peddana and Mukku Timmana. Krishnadevaraya was also a writer himself. He composed a famous Telugu poetic work called Amuktamalyada.

Model of court in Sri Krishnadevaraya asthanam
Model of court in Sri Krishnadevaraya asthanam

He worked to improve the lives of his subjects through various reforms. Krishnadevaraya abolished unfair taxes, such as the marriage fee. He also focused on economic progress through agriculture. He ordered the deforestation of some areas to bring new lands under cultivation. He undertook large-scale projects to obtain water for irrigation. This included excavating tanks and canals. He believed that a king should rule with an eye toward Dharma, or righteousness.

செவரப்பூண்டி கிருஷ்ணதேவராயர் கல்வெட்டு
செவரப்பூண்டி கிருஷ்ணதேவராயர் கல்வெட்டு

His personal life and later years were marked by both service and tragedy. He was the son of Tuluva Narasa Nayaka and Queen Nagamamba. He was married to Princess Tirumala Devi and Chinna Devi. In 1524, he named his son, Tirumala Raya, as the Yuvaraja, or crown prince. However, the prince was poisoned shortly after. This tragedy led the emperor to suspect his prime minister, Timmarusu. Following this period of unrest, Krishnadevaraya fell ill. He died on October 17, 1529. He was succeeded by his brother, Achyuta Deva Raya.

Kannada inscription of Krishnadeva Raya (1524 AD) at Ananthasayana temple in Ananthasayanagudi
Kannada inscription of Krishnadeva Raya (1524 AD) at Ananthasayana temple in Ananthasayanagudi
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🖼️ Images & Media (10)
File:Kannada inscription of Krishnadeva Raya (1513 AD) at the Krishna temple in Hampi.JPG
Kannada inscription of Krishnadeva Raya...
File:Kannada inscription of Krishnadeva Raya (1524 AD) at Ananthasayana temple in Ananthasayanagudi.JPG
Kannada inscription of Krishnadeva Raya...
File:View of dilapidated main mantapa at the Vitthala templein Hampi.jpg
View of dilapidated main mantapa at the...
File:Kannada inscription (1509 AD) of Krishnadeva Raya at entrance to mantapa of Virupaksha temple in Hampi.JPG
Kannada inscription (1509 AD) of...
File:Sri Ranganayaka Swamy temple Srirangapur, Wanaparthy Telangana, India - 7.jpg
Sri Ranganayaka Swamy temple Srirangapur,...
File:Model of court in Sri Krishnadevaraya asthanam.jpg
Model of court in Sri Krishnadevaraya asthanam.jpg
File:செவரப்பூண்டி கிருஷ்ணதேவராயர் கல்வெட்டு.JPG
செவரப்பூண்டி கிருஷ்ணதேவராயர் கல்வெட்டு.JPG
File:Tirumala overview.jpg
Tirumala overview.jpg
File:Copper Jital coin of the Vijayanagar Empire, struck during the reign of Krishnadevaraya.jpg
Copper Jital coin of the Vijayanagar...
File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 218767 - Temple God and Coins.jpeg
Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 218767 -...
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