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Korea

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Korea is a peninsular region located in East Asia.

N Korea sat image
N Korea sat image

A peninsula is a landmass surrounded by water on most sides. To the north, the region borders China and Russia. These borders follow the Amnok and Duman rivers. To the southeast, the Korea Strait separates the peninsula from Japan.

Korea-Jejudo-Coast-03
Korea-Jejudo-Coast-03

The region includes the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and several smaller islands.

Human history in this region is extremely long. Some volcanic fossils suggest life existed there 300,000 years ago. Known human habitation dates back to 40,000 BC.

Three Kingdoms of Korea Map
Three Kingdoms of Korea Map

Legend says the kingdom of Gojoseon was founded in 2333 BC. The Han dynasty defeated Gojoseon in 108 BC. This led to the Proto-Three Kingdoms period. During this time, many small states emerged from former Gojoseon territories. These included the Samhan confederacies of Mahan, Jinhan, and Byeonhan.

The Three Kingdoms period followed this era of many states. This period featured three main kingdoms: Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla.

7th century painting of Koreans
7th century painting of Koreans

Goguryeo was a highly militaristic state in the north. It reached its peak in the 5th century. Goguryeo even defeated a massive Sui dynasty invasion. Later, Silla conquered Baekje and Goguryeo in 668 AD. Silla worked with the Tang dynasty to form Unified Silla.

Unified Silla and Balhae (8th Century) (4261052261)
Unified Silla and Balhae (8th Century) (4261052261)

Balhae also succeeded Goguryeo in the north.

In 918, the Goryeo kingdom was established. Goryeo unified the Later Three Kingdoms and the ruling class of Balhae. This era is known as a "true national unification." The name Goryeo eventually became the modern name "Korea."

History of Korea-1374
History of Korea-1374

Goryeo became a vassal state of the Mongol Empire in the 13th century. After overthrowing Mongol rule, General Yi Seong-gye led a coup. He established the Joseon dynasty in 1392. The first 200 years of Joseon were a period of peace. During this time, the Hangul alphabet was created.

Hunmin jeong-eum
Hunmin jeong-eum

Confucianism also became very influential during the Joseon era.

The 19th and 20th centuries brought intense political change. Japanese and Qing invasions caused great devastation for Joseon. This led to a period of isolationism. Eventually, Japan forced Joseon to open up to trade. In 1897, the Korean Empire was declared under Emperor Gojong. However, Japan won the Russo-Japanese War in 1905. This made the Korean Empire a protectorate of Japan. Japan officially annexed the peninsula in 1910.

March 1st movement
March 1st movement

This period involved economic exploitation and the suppression of independence movements.

World War II ended in 1945 when Japan surrendered. The Soviet Union and the United States divided Korea. They created two military occupation zones at the 38th parallel. This division was meant to be temporary. However, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) and the Republic of Korea (ROK) were both established in 1948. Tensions led to the Korean War from 1950 to 1953. The war ended in a stalemate without a peace treaty.

2018 inter-Korean summit square
2018 inter-Korean summit square

A demilitarized zone now separates the two nations.

Today, the two Koreas have very different characteristics. South Korea is a developed regional power. Its economy is the world's fourteenth-largest by GDP (PPP). It is famous for the "Korean Wave" of pop culture. This includes K-pop music and cinema.

Korean Peninsula at night 20240124 132602 GMT Iss-070e080670
Korean Peninsula at night 20240124 132602 GMT Iss-070e080670

North Korea follows a "military first" policy called Songun. It has a massive military of 7.8 million personnel. Its active duty army of 1.3 million is the fourth-largest in the world. Both states still claim to be the only legitimate government of Korea.

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🖼️ Images & Media (23)
File:7th century painting of Koreans.png
7th century painting of Koreans.png
File:Seokguram Buddha.JPG
Seokguram Buddha.JPG
File:Three Kingdoms of Korea Map.png
Three Kingdoms of Korea Map.png
File:Unified Silla and Balhae (8th Century) (4261052261).jpg
Unified Silla and Balhae (8th Century)...
File:History of Korea-1374.png
History of Korea-1374.png
File:경복궁 전경.jpg
경복궁 전경.jpg
File:Donggwol-do.jpg
Donggwol-do.jpg
File:남산 정상에서 바라본 서울 풍경 (1884).jpg
남산 정상에서 바라본 서울 풍경 (1884).jpg
File:Flag of Korea 1882.svg
Flag of Korea 1882.svg
File:March 1st movement.jpg
March 1st movement.jpg
File:Korean Peninsula at night 20240124 132602 GMT Iss-070e080670.jpg
Korean Peninsula at night 20240124 132602...
File:2018 inter-Korean summit square.jpg
2018 inter-Korean summit square.jpg

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