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Kido Takayoshi

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Kido Takayoshi was a prominent Japanese statesman and samurai.

S1020l
S1020l

He is recognized as one of the three great nobles who led the Meiji Restoration. This movement changed Japan from a country ruled by military shoguns to a modern nation. Born on August 11, 1833, in Hagi, he was originally named Wada Kogorō. At age seven, he was adopted into the Katsura family. This changed his name to Katsura Kogorō. His adoptive father died only ten days after the adoption. Because of this, his family stipend was reduced from 150 koku to 90 koku.

Kido Takayoshi
Kido Takayoshi

Kido's education shaped his political philosophy. He initially studied at the Meirinkan academy. However, he later defied his father to study at Shōka Sonjuku. There, he studied under the teacher Yoshida Shōin. Shōin taught him the philosophy of Imperial loyalism. This meant being loyal to the Emperor of Japan. In 1852, Kido traveled to Edo, which is now Tokyo. He studied swordsmanship and learned artillery techniques from Egawa Tarōzaemon. He also observed the construction of foreign ships in Nagasaki and Shimoda. These experiences helped him supervise the construction of his domain's first western-style warship.

As a young man, Kido worked in dangerous political environments. After 1858, he served as a liaison in Edo. He connected the Chōshū domain bureaucracy with radical samurai. These samurai supported the Sonnō jōi movement. This movement wanted to protect Japan from foreign influence. In 1864, Kido was involved in the Ikedaya incident. He was at a meeting at the Ikedaya inn. However, he left the inn before the Shinsengumi troops attacked. Some rumors suggest he escaped by climbing out a window. He spent five days hiding under the Nijō Bridge. During this time, he posed as a beggar to stay safe.

Conflict continued during the Kinmon incident in August 1864. Chōshū forces attempted to capture Emperor Kōmei at the Hamaguri Gate. This was an effort to restore the Imperial household to political power. The fighting caused a massive fire in Kyoto. Approximately 28,000 houses were burned down during the rebellion. The Chōshū forces suffered about 400 casualties. This included Kido's adopted son, Katsuzaburō. The Aizu and Satsuma forces lost only 60 people. Following this failure, Kido used the alias Niibori Matsusuke to continue his political work.

Kaimei kizokuhyō by Shinsai
Kaimei kizokuhyō by Shinsai

Kido played a vital role in forming the Satchō Alliance in 1866. He worked with Saigō Takamori and Ōkubo Toshimichi. This alliance was made possible through the mediation of Sakamoto Ryōma. The alliance was critical for the Boshin War and the Meiji Restoration. After the Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown in 1868, Kido became a leader in the new Meiji government. He served as an Imperial Advisor, known as a san'yō. He helped draft the Five Charter Oath. He also directed the abolition of the han system, which were local domains. In 1869, he was officially renamed Kido Takayoshi.

Kido Minister vom Lande
Kido Minister vom Lande

Kido was a strong advocate for modernization and merit. He traveled on the Iwakura Mission to America and Europe in 1871. He studied Western educational systems and politics. When he returned, he pushed for a constitutional government. Kido also fought against hereditary privilege. He believed people should be appointed based on merit rather than social rank. He warned that hereditary systems would cause stagnation in future generations. He even resisted receiving personal rewards to avoid setting a bad example. However, he also worried about the people. He criticized policies that made life hard for the peasantry and former samurai.

20080505 Kido Shrine
20080505 Kido Shrine

In his later years, Kido faced many challenges. He opposed the 1874 Taiwan Expedition and a proposal to invade Korea. He believed Japan was not ready to challenge Western powers. Because of this opposition, he lost his dominant position to Ōkubo Toshimichi. He resigned from the government in protest. He later returned to serve as chairman of the Assembly of Prefectural Governors. Kido died in 1877 during the Satsuma Rebellion. He suffered from colorectal cancer, physical exhaustion, and other illnesses.

Ryôzengokoku-jinja Shintô Shrine - Tomb of Katsura Kogorô
Ryôzengokoku-jinja Shintô Shrine - Tomb of Katsura Kogorô

He is now enshrined at the Kyoto Ryozen Gokoku Shrine.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:S1020l.jpg
S1020l.jpg
File:Kido Takayoshi.jpg
Kido Takayoshi.jpg
File:Kido Minister vom Lande.jpg
Kido Minister vom Lande.jpg
File:Ryôzengokoku-jinja Shintô Shrine - Tomb of Katsura Kogorô.jpg
Ryôzengokoku-jinja Shintô Shrine - Tomb...
File:20080505 Kido Shrine.jpg
20080505 Kido Shrine.jpg
File:Kaimei kizokuhyō by Shinsai.jpg
Kaimei kizokuhyō by Shinsai.jpg
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