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Jodocus Hondius

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Jodocus Hondius was a highly influential Flemish engraver and cartographer. He lived during the Golden Age of Dutch cartography, which lasted from roughly 1570 to 1670. His work helped establish Amsterdam as the primary European center for mapmaking during the 17th century. Hondius was a master of several related crafts. He worked as an engraver, an instrument maker, and a globe maker. These skills allowed him to produce highly detailed maps and three-dimensional representations of the Earth.

Leo Belgicus
Leo Belgicus

To create his maps, Hondius used a process called engraving. He carved intricate designs into copper plates. These plates were then used to print maps and atlases. This method allowed for the mass production of accurate geographical information. He also produced the gores for the first English globes. Gores are the paper strips used to cover a sphere to create a globe. In 1592, he completed the gores for globes made by Emery Molyneux. These were described as the first globes published in Christendom. They served a wide variety of people, including scholars, the gentry, and mariners.

Hondius's career involved significant movement across Europe. He was born in Wakken and raised in Ghent. In 1584, he moved to London with his sister, Jacomina. This move was intended to help him escape religious difficulties in Flanders. While in London, he married Colette van den Keere in 1587. Her brother, Pieter van der Keere, was also a mapmaker and engraver. In 1593, Hondius moved to Amsterdam with his wife and Pieter. He remained in Amsterdam until his death in 1612.

Joducus hondius new albion 1589
Joducus hondius new albion 1589

One of his most important achievements was reviving the legacy of Gerard Mercator. In 1604, Hondius collaborated with the publisher Cornelis Claesz to purchase Mercator's atlas plates. At that time, Mercator's work had fallen behind a rival work by Ortelius called the *Theatrum Orbis Terrarum*. Hondius republished the atlas and added 36 new maps to the original 107. He even included several maps that he produced himself. Despite these additions, he gave Mercator full credit as the author. He listed himself only as the publisher. This new edition was a massive success and sold out within one year. This collection is now known as the Mercator/Hondius series.

Hondius was also known for his work documenting famous explorers. He helped publicize the travels of Francis Drake, who circumnavigated the world in the late 1570s. In 1589, Hondius created a famous map of the bay of New Albion. This map showed where Drake established a settlement at Drake's Cove in California. Hondius is also believed to have painted several portraits of Drake. These portraits are currently held in the National Portrait Gallery in London.

Joducus hondius new albion 1589
Joducus hondius new albion 1589

His technical skills led to several historical firsts in cartography. In his 1607 French edition of the *Atlas Minor*, he included a thematic map. This map, titled *Designatio orbis christiani*, showed the dispersion of major religions. It was one of the first times map symbols were used to show a specific theme. He also used copper plates to print John Speed's atlas, *The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine*, around 1611. His influence on the field was so great that his family continued his business for decades. His widow, his two sons, and his son-in-law, Johannes Janssonius, all continued the publishing work. The atlas eventually saw about 50 editions released in major European languages.

Today, the impact of Hondius's work can be seen in art and science. Scholars believe that the globes in Johannes Vermeer's paintings are based on Hondius's designs. In *The Astronomer*, a scholar consults a celestial globe. In *The Geographer*, a terrestrial globe sits atop a cabinet. These paintings, created in 1668 and 1669, reflect the importance of Hondius's globes in the 17th century. His name is also preserved in geography and astronomy. There is a Hondius Inlet in Antarctica. Additionally, a 3.2 km main-belt asteroid was named the Hondius in his honor.

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